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Despite decades of promising preclinical validation and clinical translation, ischemic stroke still remains as one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Within its complex pathophysiological signatures, thrombosis and inflammation, that is, thromboinflammation, are highly interconnected processes leading to cerebral vessel occlusion, inflammatory responses, and severe neuronal d
Street experiments are proliferating in cities worldwide and have emerged as an approach to transform urban mobility and public space. Previous research attests to the broad spectrum of street experimentation and its variety of stakeholders, aims, methods, and impacts. In this article, we probe this multi‐faceted nature through a study of the landscape of street experimentation as it evolved in on
(1) Background: Patients’ experiences and satisfaction with their treatment are becoming increasingly important in the context of quality assurance, but the measurement of these parameters is accompanied by several disadvantages such as poor cross-country comparability and methodological problems. The aim of this review is to describe and summarize the process of measuring, publishing, and utilizi
A large panorama of lesions is accessible to fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). This chapter focuses on lesions of the salivary glands, as well as tumors of the tongue and oral and nasal cavities. Some unusual lesions of the neck will also be presented. Aspiration cytology of thyroid, parathyroid, and lymph nodes is dealt with in other chapters. When confronted with a mass lesion in the head
Instantaneous wave free ratio (iFR) may be a viable alternative to FFR. iFR is a novel measurement of the hemodynamic relevance of coronary lesions which doesn’t require the use of hyperemic agents.
This chapter describes the different types of non-continent urinary diversions, discusses indications, and summarizes common general and specific complications as well as the issue of quality of life. Non-continent urinary diversions are frequently used for lower urinary tract reconstruction after radical cystectomy. Ileal conduits are the most common form of incontinent diversion, followed by col
In 1952, plans to convert Lake Sanabria (Zamora) into a reservoir for hydroelectric production sparked a press campaign that reached the front pages of the Spanish national press. At the intersection of environmental and political history, this article examines the controversy surrounding the protection of the lake and its designation as a «Picturesque Site» («Paraje Pintoresco») in 1953, under th
Background: Glatiramer acetate (GA) is a well-established treatment option for patients with clinically isolated syndrome and relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) with few side effects. The double transgenic mouse model spontaneous opticospinal encephalomyelitis (OSE), based on recombinant myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein35-55 reactive T and B cells, mimicks features of chronic inflammat
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) are antibody mediated CNS disorders mostly affecting the optic nerve and spinal cord with potential severe impact on the visual pathway. Here, we investigated inflammation and degeneration of the visual system in a spontaneous encephalomyelitis animal model. We used double-tra
Low-grade superficial connective tumors are a heterogeneous group of benign/reactive, intermediate—locally aggressive and intermediate—rarely metastasizing lesions arising in skin and subcutaneous/superficial soft tissues. The most common targets for fine needle aspiration (FNA) in this group of lesions are schwannomas, desmoids, and “pseudosarcomatous lesions” such as nodular fasciitis. Experienc
Objective: Progressive multiple sclerosis is characterized by chronic inflammation with microglial activation, oxidative stress, accumulation of iron and continuous neurodegeneration with inadequate effectiveness of medications used so far. We now investigated effects of iron on microglia and used the previously identified neuroprotective antipsychotic clozapine in vitro and in chronic experimenta
Hållbarhetskommunikation tar sig an några av samhällets mest angelägna och komplexa utmaningar. Denna avhandling fördjupar området genom att lyfta fram komplexitet som ett definierande kännetecken för strategisk hållbarhetskommunikation, ett perspektiv som i stort sett har försummats. Den utmanar den dominerande organisationscentriska ansatsen som betraktar kommunikation som ett medel för att uppnSustainability communication confronts some of society’s most pressing and complex challenges. This thesis advances the field by highlighting complexity as a defining characteristic of strategic sustainability communication, a perspective that has been largely neglected. It challenges the dominant organization-centric approach that frames communication as an instrument for achieving corporate goal
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune-inflammatory CNS disease affecting spinal cord and optic nerves, mediated by autoantibodies against aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein (MOG). Effects of those immunoglobulins (Ig) on retina and optic nerve are incompletely understood. We investigated AQP4-IgG and MOG-IgG sera on retina and optic nerve ex vivo a
The main use of splenic fine needle aspirations (FNAs) is to diagnose primary tumors or tumorlike lesions including metastases and to assess splenic involvement of some hematopathological disorders. This chapter deals with disorders likely to be encountered in FNAs from the spleen in everyday practice.
Background: Cranial irradiation is a common therapy for the treatment of brain tumors, but unfortunately patients suffer from side effects, particularly cognitive impairment, caused by neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory mechanisms. Finding a therapeutic agent protecting hippocampal neurons would be beneficial. Fingolimod (FTY720), a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator approved for mult
Environmental triggers acting at the intestinal barrier are thought to contribute to the initiation of autoimmune disorders. The transforming growth factor beta inhibitor Smad7 determines the phenotype of CD4+ T cells. We hypothesized that Smad7 in intestinal CD4+ T cells controls initiation of opticospinal encephalomyelitis (OSE), a murine model of multiple sclerosis (MS), depending on the presen
Objective: Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) exerts immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects in the animal model of experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) in the Lewis rat. DMF has been shown to modulate gut microbiota in veterinary medicine, however the effects of oral DMF on the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) remain unknown. Methods: Lewis rats were treated orally twice daily with DMF up to day
