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Building on the extensive literature on colonial rural capitalism, particularly characteristic of Western Africa, this paper examines African small-scale entrepreneurship within a more diversified yet simultaneously more discriminative economy of Kenya. It contributes to the relatively scarce literature on historical African entrepreneurship by investigating different forms of formal sector entrep
Virtual Reality (VR) is widely used to study fire evacuation behaviour due to its repeatability, low risk, and relatively low cost. Many VR experiments are based on 3D models of real buildings, but reproducing a real building in VR for research purposes is a challenge. It remains unclear how realistic a virtual building must be to be a useful replica. Since photorealism is not achievable, research
The organic-rich shales and mudstones composing the Miaolingian (‘middle’ Cambrian) through Tremadocian (Lower Ordovician) Alum Shale Formation have been extensively mined for production of alum at Andrarum in southeastern Scania (Skåne), southern Sweden. Here, the formation was exploited between 1637 and 1912, and a brief account is given of the history of the exploitation. The alum industry had
The observation of an excess of tt production in the threshold region, by CMS and ATLAS, has been interpreted as a toponium contribution, i.e. from below-threshold tt virtual states. The news here is the nontrivial experimental extraction of such a signal, not its existence as such. Indeed, already 35+ years ago an NRQCD Green’s function approach was used to model the above- and below-threshold pr
The quark spin effects have been introduced in the Pythia 8 Monte Carlo event generator for the simulation of e+e− annihilation by interfacing the generator with the StringSpinner package. The package allows to simulate quark spin effects in the string fragmentation routine of Pythia by using the string+3P0 model, recently applied to the fragmentation of a string stretched between a quark-antiquar
Starting from bio-based aldehyde-containing aromatic monomers, diamine and a series of diols, linear polyesters with pendant aldehyde groups (PEa-PEe) and crosslinked polyimine-amides (PIA) were synthesized. Compared with previously reported PIA, high biobased content is achieved by utilizing a biobased diamine, Priamine™ 1071 (PA). In addition, the linear polyesters were blended by compression mo
Background: Routine use of surgical drains after abdominal operations has largely been abandoned over the past decades. Studies have failed to demonstrate benefits of routine drainage following liver, gallbladder, gastric, and colorectal surgeries. Until recently, intraoperative placement of abdominal drains was the gold standard in pancreatoduodenectomies (PDs) due to concerns about uncontrolled
Although stellar bars are prevalent in local galaxies, unbarred galaxies constitute a significant fraction, particularly at high redshifts. While some galaxies are unbarred by nature due to stability against the bar instability, several mechanisms capable of transforming barred galaxies into unbarred systems have also been proposed, such as central mass concentration, specific dark matter halo mor
Background – Acute TKA has been proposed as an alternative to open reduction and internal fixation for complex tibial plateau fractures in patients who are older and who have compromised bone quality. The alternative is a delayed TKA after primary fracture management with an unfavorable outcome. However, the long-term outcomes and risk for reoperation after acute TKA compared with delayed TKA for
Background: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) reduce cardiovascular risk in obese individuals with established cardiovascular disease (CVD), potentially through modulating key risk factors. However, their benefit in primary prevention remains unclear. Objectives: This study aims to emulate GLP-1RA use for primary prevention by applying risk factor changes observed in the SELECT
The spleen is traditionally recognised for its roles in immunity and blood filtration, and it is known to contract and release stored erythrocytes in hypoxic conditions. Recent findings suggest that the spleen may also contribute to cardiovascular regulation. This study investigated whether the spleen contracts during conditions that activate the sympathetic nervous system, including transient hyp
The 2019 uprisings in Algeria, Sudan, Lebanon, and Iraq, often framed as a ‘Second Wave’ of the Arab uprisings, present a critical puzzle: why did mass mobilization re-emerge nearly a decade after the 2011 revolutions, despite their mixed outcomes? This article argues that the post-conflict trajectories of these countries are central to understanding these movements. By integrating post-conflict s
This study examines the incidence and knowledge-transfer patterns of university–industry educational collaboration through MSc theses in engineering and business faculties at a major Swedish university. Using a mixed-methods design combining a census of 945 theses, a survey of 150 collaborating firms, and interviews with 14 study directors, the results show a significantly higher collaboration rat
The study provides a comparison of Safe System maturity and Safe System readiness in three European countries (Norway, Sweden, the Netherlands) and three African countries (Ghana, Tanzania, Zambia), based on document studies and focus group discussions (n = 73 interviewees and n = 44 interviewees). Safe System maturity refers to the level of Safe System implementation related to national road safe
Introduction: Accurate evaluation of lymphadenopathy requires a multidisciplinary approach integrating clinical, laboratory, and imaging data, particularly ultrasound, before and during fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). Historically, the lack of standardized reporting systems has limited the reproducibility and clinical acceptance of lymph node FNAB. This review focuses on lymph node cytopatho
Background: Large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) encompasses a diverse group of aggressive lymphoid neoplasms, the most common of which is diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). A precise diagnosis is critical for determining prognosis and therapeutic strategies, particularly as new molecular subtypes and classification criteria have been introduced in the 5th edition of the World Health Organization (WHO
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) remains a challenging and generally incurable disease. We aimed to evaluate survival trends in advanced-stage MCL over the past three decades, focusing on the impact of evolving first-line therapies. We pooled six randomized phase III trials of treatment-naïve, advanced-stage MCL patients enrolled between 1996 and 2020. Patients were grouped into four eras by enrollment
Over the last twenty years, an exciting interplay has emerged between proof systems and algorithms. Some natural families of algorithms can be viewed as a generic translation from a proof that a solution exists into an algorithm for finding the solution itself. This connection has perhaps been the most consequential in the context of semi-algebraic proof systems and basic primitives in algorithm d
The internet has undergone a profound transformation, evolving from an academic-military experiment into the dominant infrastructure of the platform-based Web 2.0, and is now potentially transitioning toward a decentralized Web3. While this evolution is often portrayed as a primarily technical process, this chapter emphasizes the importance of understanding the socio-political and institutional co
