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Some mitochondrial introgression is common between closely related species, but distinct species rarely show substantial introgression in their entire distribution range. In this study, however, we report a complete lack of mitochondrial divergence between two sympatric species of flat periwinkles (Littorina fabalis and Littorina obtusata) which, based on previous allozyme studies, diverged approx

This article stresses the significance of recognising interdependencies between factors determining disaster risk in any attempts to integrate disaster risk reduction in international development cooperation. It bases its arguments on the case studies of four past projects in Sri Lanka and Tajikistan, which are scrutinised using a theoretical framework based on systems approaches. It appears that

Percutaneous physiodesis is an established technique for treating mild leg-length discrepancy and problems of expected extreme height. Angular deformities resulting from incomplete physeal arrest have been reported, and little is known about the time interval from percutaneous physiodesis to actual physeal arrest. This procedure was carried out in ten children, six with leg-length discrepancy and

ATP-induced Ca2+ transients were examined in individual PC12 cells of a well defined clone, before and after treatment with nerve growth factor (NGF) to induce a neurone-like phenotype. Using reverse transcriptase PCR these cells were found to express mRNA for several P2 receptors. In undifferentiated cells the ATP-induced Ca2+ response was entirely dependent on Ca2+ influx, could not be mimicked

Isolated exposures of basalt in a 1000 km 2 area in the central northern part of Skane have long been known to the local people. A volcanic origin for these rocks was finally resolved by geologists during the early 1800s. Until 1965 the volcanic activity was considered to have occurred during the Cenozoic i.e. not older than 65 Ma. In the 1970s attempts were made to directly date the volcanic acti

Thirty clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 20 of which were multidrug-resistant (MDR), were tested for susceptibility to different combinations of amoxycillin, clavulanic acid and subinhibitory concentrations of ethambutol. beta-Lactamase production was assessed semiquantitatively with the nitrocefin method and susceptibility testing was performed with the BACTEC method. All isolates

UVB light was used to induce an experimental inflammation in normal human skin in order to investigate its correlation with the activity of the newly described enzyme d-dopachrome tautomerase (DDT) in the fluid of experimental blisters. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) activity was determined as a closely related marker of inflammation. DDT and MIF activities were demonstrated in blist

This paper concerns linear standing gravity water waves on finite depth. We obtain qualitative and quantitative understanding of the particle paths within the wave.

The wingbeat kinematics and wake structure of a trained house martin in free, steady flight in a wind tunnel have been studied over a range of flight speeds, and compared and contrasted with similar measurements for a thrush nightingale and a pair of robins. The house martin has a higher aspect ratio (more slender) wing, and is a more obviously agile and aerobatic flyer, catching insects on the wi

The influence of washing chemicals used at car washes on the flux and retention of three ultrafiltration (UF) membranes has been studied. Eleven commercial degreasing agents, two shampoo agents and a wax were included in the investigation. The membrane performance when treating waste water collected at a car wash at different times of the year was also studied. The retention of the different chemi

OBJECTIVE: To study the temporal relation between vascular inflammatory activity and synovial hyperplasia during the development of methylated bovine serum albumin (mBSA) antigen induced arthritis (AIA) in the rat, and to correlate these variables to changes in knee diameter. The influence of a single dose of indomethacin and methotrexate (MTX) on these measures was also determined. METHODS: Vascu

Since cross-sectional brain-imaging studies demonstrating frontotemporal cerebral hypoactivity in violent offenders have generally been carried out around the time of trial and sentencing, the findings might be influenced by the stressful situation of the subjects. It seems that no group of offenders with this finding has yet been followed longitudinally. We have re-examined nine offenders convict

Objectives: The aim of this study was to estimate the cost-effectiveness of rituximab in patients not responding adequately to the first tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor using a model constructed to predict resource consumption and health outcomes in a population-based registry of biological treatments in Southern Sweden (SSATG). Methods: The model was developed as a discrete event simulation

The effects of lamellar twinning in epitaxial particle-assisted GaAs <111>B nanowires are investigated in an extensive high resolution electron microscopy (HRTEM) study of the low index zones <-100>, <-1-10>, <1-1-1> and <1-1-2>. As these directions are non-parallel to the (-1-1-1) twin planes we find that the twin segments exhibit two different zone axes as a consequence of twinning. In the first

Microzarkodina is a genus of mainly Middle Ordovician conodonts that has its centre of distribution in Baltoscandia, and much less commonly occurs in southern China, Australia, Argentina and Laurentia. In Baltica a series of species, Microzarkodina russica n. sp., M. flabellum, M. parva, M. Bella, M. Hagetiana and M. ozarkodella, established themselves successfully. The succession of species range

Photoconversion properties are demonstrated for a device based on a small dye molecule, absorbing light in the near-IR region, mixed with two organic charge transport materials and together forming a dye-sensitized organic bulk heterojunction. The organic dye molecule, phthalocyanine (1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octabutoxy-29H,31H-phthalocyanine), mixed with a blend of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and 1