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Increasingly, international legal arguments exploit the peculiar nature of obligations erga omnes. This practice raises questions about the precise legal status of norms expressing such obligations relative to other norms of international law. According to an oft-made suggestion, whether a norm is part of the international jus cogens or not, when it expresses obligations erga omnes it is hierarchi
Ectomycorrhiza (EM) is a symbiosis between soil living fungi and the roots of woody plants. EM fungal communities are important in forest nutrient cycling, they are species rich and their structures vary between habitats and over time. An EM community in a phosphorus-poor forest was exposed to apatite and EM mycelia actively colonizing ingrowth bags were analyzed. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS)
As massive MIMO is currently considered a leading 5G technology candidate, channel models that capture important massive MIMO channel characteristics are urgently needed. In this paper we present an attempt for massive MIMO channel modeling based on measurement campaigns at 2.6 GHz in both outdoor and indoor environments, using physically-large arrays and with closely-spaced users. The COST 2100 M
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The thesis explores which resources different kinds of new technology based ventures use and aquire within a Science Park. Results show that different kinds of resources provide different value to different industies and there are also differences between how companies in different sizes use the Science Park resources. A model of Science Park resources and their potential value are developed.
This document describes the methodology for the evaluation and the assessment of the Safe Speed – Safe Distance (SSSD) concept of the SASPENCE system. It describes the evaluation using the prototype vehicles from a technical and functional point of view, as well as to assess such a system by a subjective rating by the driver. In particular, the first part is the report on the pilot plan design, th
This work presents a 1.8-GHz VCO tuned by a pMOS capacitor working exclusively in the accumulation and depletion regions. The VCO has been fabricated in a standard 0.6 μm CMOS process. It shows a tuning range of about 11% and a phase noise of -137 dBc/Hz at 3 MHz offset from the carrier, for a current consumption of 2.7 mA. The VCO compares favorably with a CMOS VCO tuned by a reverse biased diode
Konstmusikens kris i vår tid är för många iakttagare och debattörer ett faktum som beskrivs bland annat med (a) minskat intresse för konstmusik, (b) dålig återväxt bland utövare och recipienter, (c) dålig lönsamhet och (d) recipienters oförståelse för nyare och ny musik. Syftet med studien Fem i tolv – kan konstmusikens räddas? är att göra en empirisk studie av hur institutioner, skapare och inter
