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Vaccination is the most cost-effective way of preventing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) although there was a considerable delay in its institution in Tanzania. This study assessed health care workers' (HCWs) self-perceived infection risk and uptake of COVID-19 vaccines. A concurrent embedded, mixed methods design was utilized to collect data among HCWs in seven Tanzanian regions. Quantitative
Background: Depression and anxiety are risk factors for patients with myocardial infarction (MI). However, the association of a previous psychiatric diagnosis of anxiety or depression, or only such self-reported symptoms, with cardiovascular outcomes and mortality post-MI has not been previously examined in the same nationwide cohort. Methods: We linked demographic, socioeconomic and clinical data
Background: Medication discrepancies are common, potentially harmful and may result from poor medication information across medical records. Our aim was to describe current medication discrepancy rates, types and severity in hospital, primary and specialized outpatient care in Sweden, as well as comparing these with previous measurements. Methods: Participants visiting health care in Skåne in Nove
BackgroundOut-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors generally report good health-related quality of life, but physical aspects of health seem more affected than other domains. Limitations in physical function after surviving OHCA have received little attention.AimsTo describe physical function 6 months after OHCA and compare it with a group of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) contr
INTRODUCTION: Depression is common, increasing among adolescents and carries risk of disability, lower educational achievements, cardiovascular disease, substance abuse, self-harm and suicide. The effects of evidence-based treatments with medication or psychotherapy are modest. Aerobic exercise is a promising intervention for adolescents with depression, but available studies are hampered by metho
Introduction: Cardiac arrest is characterized depending on location as in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) or out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Strategies for Post Cardiac Arrest Care were developed based on evidence from OHCA. The aim of this study was to compare characteristics and outcomes in patients admitted to intensive care after IHCA and OHCA. Methods: A retrospective multicenter observ
The tissue distribution and prognostic relevance of subtype-specific proteins (ASCL1, NEUROD1, POU2F3, YAP1) present an evolving area of research in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). The expression of subtype-specific transcription factors and P53 and RB1 proteins were measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 386 surgically resected SCLC samples. Correlations between subtype-specific proteins and in
BACKGROUND: Endolichenic fungi are microbes that inhabit the thalli of lichens and produce various unique chemicals that can be used for pharmaceutical purposes.PURPOSE: This study screened a library of endolichenic fungal extracts to identify novel anticancer agents capable of suppressing the tumorigenicity of human cancer cells.METHODS: Active compounds were isolated from extracts of endolicheni
Background: The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature and to perform meta-analyses on full-field electroretinography (ffERG) between healthy controls and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) to map the extent of retinal dysfunction. Summary: We systematically searched 11 databases on 3 March 2021. Eligible studies had to measure retinal function using ffERG in eyes with A
BACKGROUND: Anastomotic leaks are associated with significant risk of morbidity, mortality and treatment costs after oesophagectomy. The aim of this study was to evaluate international variation in unit-level clinical practice and resource availability for the prevention and management of anastomotic leak following oesophagectomy.METHOD: The Oesophago-Gastric Anastomosis Audit (OGAA) is an interna
Background Low birth weight (LBW) is an important indicator of newborn survival. It is associated with higher risk of morbidity, mortality and long-term health consequences. Little has been done on incidence and recurrence risk of LBW in developing countries including Tanzania. This study aimed to determine the incidence and recurrence risk of LBW among women who delivered at Kilimanjaro Christian
Background: Dietary pattern analysis has gained particular interest, because it reflects the complexity of dietary intake. The aim of this study was to explore the associations between a posteriori dietary patterns, derived using a data-driven approach, and the risk of differentiated thyroid cancer (TC) in Europe. Methods: This investigation included 450,064 adults from the European Prospective In
The incidence of Human Papillomavirus positive (HPV+) tonsillar cancer has been sharply rising during the last two decades. Myeloid cells represent an appropriate therapeutic target due to their ability to orchestrate antigen-specific immunity within the tonsil, the availability of viral antigens, and the proximity of the tumor and the underlying lymphoid tissue. However, the interrelationship of
BACKGROUND: Limited data are available on the incidence of mechanical complications after ultrasound-guided central venous catheterisation. We aimed to determine the incidence of mechanical complications in hospitals where real-time ultrasound guidance is clinical practice for central venous access and to identify variables associated with mechanical complications.METHODS: All central venous cathe
Nitrogenase is the only enzyme that can cleave the triple bond in N2, making nitrogen available for all lifeforms. Previous computational studies have given widely diverging results regarding the reaction mechanism of the enzyme. For example, some recent studies have suggested that one of the μ2-bridging sulfide ligands (S2B) may dissociate from one of the Fe ions when protonated in the doubly
Background: Arterial hemodynamic parameters derived from reservoir-excess pressure analysis exhibit prognostic utility. Reservoir-excess pressure analysis may provide useful information about an influence of altered hemodynamics on target organ such as the kidneys. We determined whether the parameters derived from the reservoir-excess pressure analysis were associated with the reduction in estimat
Background: Aggregation of lung cancer (LCa) in family members is well-documented. However, little is known on the familial risk of LCa when first-degree relatives (FDRs, parents or siblings) are diagnosed with LCa as a second primary malignancy (LCa-2). We aimed to investigate whether and to what extent a family history of LCa-2 was associated with an increased LCa risk. Methods: In this Swedish
