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The Naqshbandi-Haqqani Sufi order has spread throughout the world extensively since it was founded in 1973 by its Sheikh Muhammad Nazim Adil al-Haqqani. The present thesis analyses one local branch of that order in Eastern London within a theoretical framework of New Social Movements, as formulated by the Italian sociologist Alberto Melucci. A general picture of Muslim presence in Britain is given
The aim of this thesis is to identify the key factors that affect the biomass potential for energy purposes in the EU-15 in the short term (2010) and in the long term (2050) and to examine the extent to which these factors are taken into consideration in recent European biomass potential studies. In the short term, the production and use of energy carriers based on renewable energy sources (RES) n
Improving energy efficiency is a popular means of reducing consumption of energy. When energy efficiency is improved, the marginal cost of energy and energy services will fall, leading to an increase in demand. This is called the rebound effect. This paper explains how the rebound effect arises and what determines the size of it. By examining existing research, it finds that rebound effects are ul
Patent pools are contractual agreements where patent rights are transferred to a common holding company for the purpose of jointly licensing of patent portfolios. They have posed and still constitute one of the major challenges to competition policy. The arrangements have the ability to integrate complementary technology, reduce transaction costs and avoid infringement. At the same time, they cons
The focal point of this thesis is the peacebuilding environment in Nepal following the end of the civil war in 2006. A fieldwork investigation was conducted focusing on the perceptions of inhabitants of Kathmandu on peace and peacebuilding issues using semi-structured interviews. By investigating these perceptions the study seeks to answer three main questions: -How can the contrasting perspecti
Indonesia is a significant global player both in terms of economic performance and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions. While its total Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and emissions are ranked high in global comparisons, both in terms of per capita measures have a relatively low ranking, suggesting that there is potentially more growth to come. Growth in Indonesia’s total emissions is being driven by econ
Spatial analysis, playing an essential role in data mining, is applied in a considerable number of fields. It is because of its broad applicability that dealing with the interdisciplinary issues is becoming more prevalent. It aims at exploring the underlying patterns of the data. In this project, we will employ the methodology that we utilize to tackle spatial problems to investigate how the cell
This thesis presents and tests the convergence rate of the Dirichlet-Neumann algorithm for two Poisson equations coupled by transmission boundary conditions. Three second order discretisation methods are used when analyzing the convergence: standard equidistant finite difference, standard adaptive linear finite element, and standard adaptive finite volume discretisation of Poisson's equation.
The high neutron flux of the European Spallation Source in Lund, Sweden, opens new possibilities for neutron protein crystallography. Making full use of these gains requires dedicated instrumentation and support facilities to maximize its contribution to our understanding of biological processes at the molecular level.
The chapter argues that employees play a central yet historically overlooked role in organizational crisis communication. Traditional crisis communication has emphasized external stakeholders and managerial control, but this chapter highlights internal communication as a continuous, relational, and sensemaking process that shapes organizational legitimacy. Employees are portrayed as active sensema
Interactive AI systems - large language models, conversational agents, and chatbots - are rapidly becoming primary interfaces through which citizens access and evaluate political information. Developed and governed largely by private corporations, these systems do not merely distribute content: they shape opinion formation through sustained, adaptive, and personalised dialogue, relocating politica
In this paper we review the physics opportunities at linear e+e− colliders with a special focus on high centre-of-mass energies and beam polarisation, take a fresh look at the various accelerator technologies available or under development and, for the first time, discuss how a facility first equipped with a technology that is mature today could be upgraded with technologies of tomorrow to reach m
This paper considers how the challenges underpinning sustainable development are likely to impact on duty-and tax-free retailing in airports and, by implication, in the entire aviation industry. The paper defines the role of retail as a vital source of airport revenues, before considering the carbon consequences of the sector’s incumbent business models. It finds that products taken onto aircraft
Hållbar utveckling är ett begrepp som fått ökat genomslag i ljuset av den pågående globaliseringen. Även om det finns flera definitioner till begreppet så innebär hållbar utveckling i sak en strävan efter en varaktig och långsiktig ekonomiskt tillväxt utan att för den sakens skull försaka sociala resurser eller skada naturens ekosystem. Då en allmän uppfattning av globaliseringen är att den bidrarThe notion of sustainable development has gained increased interest due to the on-going process of globalisation. Sustainable development as a concept refers to lasting economic growth that does not deplete social resources or harm ecosystems. As there is a general perception that globalisation brings markets and society ever so close to each other, demands are being raised to hold market actors –
In this chapter we summarize the solution developed by team KTH for the Amazon Picking Challenge 2016 in Leipzig, Germany. The competition, which simulated a warehouse automation scenario, was divided into two parts: a picking task, where the robot picks items from a shelf and places them into a tote, and a stowing task, where the robot picks items from a tote and places them in a shelf. We descri
During the past two decades several studies pointed out the contradiction between abundance of natural resources and its negative impact on economic growth and development. This paradox has been widely observed and documented throughout the development literature. In this context, China’s increasing demand for natural resources and consequent growing trade and influence in developing countries has
This article critically examines the approach of technical experts, including engineers, natural scientists, architects, planners, and other practitioners, who are attempting to create more sustainable forms of economic development, environmental protection, and social equity. The authors identify four principal characteristics of expertise–ontological assumptions, epistemological approaches, powe
Chronic breathlessness occurs across many different conditions, often independently of disease severity. Yet, despite being strongly linked to adverse outcomes, the consideration of chronic breathlessness as a stand-alone therapeutic target remains limited. Here we use data-driven techniques to identify and confirm the stability of underlying features (factors) driving breathlessness across differ
Exact cover is a non-deterministic polynomial time (NP)-complete problem that is central to optimization challenges such as airline fleet planning and allocation of cloud computing resources. Solving exact cover requires the exploration of a solution space that increases exponentially with cardinality. Hence, it is time- and energy consuming to solve large instances of exact cover by serial comput
