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Popular Abstract in Swedish Genetisk påverkan i ledgångsreumatism Ett väl fungerande immunsystem är en förutsättning för kroppens kamp mot diverse sjukdomar orsakade av t ex virus och bakterier. En grundläggande egenskap hos immunsystemet är dess förmåga att skilja på vad som är kroppens egna celler och molekyler och vad som är främmande. Ibland fungerar inte denna diskriminering som den ska och In this thesis the role of major histocompatibility complex (Mhc) class II molecules in development of autoimmune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), was studied. By combining an experimental model for RA, collagen type II induced arthritis (CIA), with molecular biology methods the importance of polymorphism in Mhc class II genes for disease development was investigated. The Mhc region con

During the last decade the condition of life has changed in many ways for the pastoral Van Gujjar who have their winter camps in the interior of the forests of the Shiwalik foot hills of Uttar Pradesh and Uttaranchal in northern India. While the Gujjar in most of northern India are a very large and ethnically as well as religiously diversified population, the pastoral Gujjar in this particular are

The DTMROC-S is a 16-channeI front-end chip developed for the signal processing of the ATLAS straw tube detector, TRT. Due to a highly radioactive environment, the chip is fabricated in a commercial 0.25μm CMOS technology hardened by layout techniques and, in addition, a special methodology was used to improve the circuit's robustness against Single Events Effects (SEE) caused by ionizing particle

Scholarly discourses on energy security have developed in response to initially separate policy agendas such as supply of fuels for armies and transportation, uninterrupted provision of electricity, and ensuring market and investment effectiveness. As a result three distinct perspectives on energy security have emerged: the `sovereignty' perspective with its roots in political science; the `robust

The nitrogen (N) cycle contains two different processes of dissimilatory nitrate (NO(3)(-)) reduction, denitrification and dissimilatory NO(3)(-) reduction to ammonium (DNRA). While there is general agreement that the denitrification process takes place in many soils, the occurrence and importance of DNRA is generally not considered. Two approaches have been used to investigate DNRA in soil, (1) m

It is well known that in the context of the classical regression model with heteroskedastic errors, while ordinary least squares (OLS) is not efficient, the weighted least squares (WLS) and quasi-maximum likelihood (QML) estimators that utilize the information contained in the heteroskedasticity are. In the context of unit root testing with conditional heteroskedasticity, while intuition suggests

Because information about the livelihoods of indigenous groups in Africa is often missing from colonial records, the presence of such people usually escapes attention in quantitative estimates of colonial economic activity. This is nowhere more apparent than in the eighteenth-century Dutch Cape Colony, where the role of the Khoesan in Cape production, despite being frequently acknowledged, has bee

This review describes the use of Pickering emulsions for topical drug delivery. The focus is on Pickering emulsions and how to formulate these. However, a short description of the challenges of topical drug delivery is also given. The article describes how Pickering emulsions might have other properties than traditional topical creams. It is our believe that Pickering emulsions could give added va

The possibility of reducing the transient times at grade changes in paper production and machine start-ups on the paper machines has highlighted the need for increased knowledge of the steam supply system. Models in this area have been presented in previous work and it is of interest to compare these models with each other and evaluate them against experimental data. This paper reports on the resu

In this article, we briefly identify three main challenges/issues that should be taken into consideration in the institutionalization of entrepreneurship research: (1) recognizing the complexity of the phenomenon under study; (2) producing interesting, relevant and useful research results for all stakeholders; and (3) developing a critical posture in research. Following the discussion of these cha

Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) have gained increased interest as prebiotics during the last years. XOS and arabinoxylooligosaccharides (AXOS) can be produced from major fractions of biomass including agricultural by-products and other low cost raw materials. Endo-xylanases are key enzymes for the production of (A)XOS from xylan. As the xylan structure is broadly diverse due to different substitutions,

Quantum chemical geometry optimisations have been performed on realistic models of the active site of myoglobin using density functional methods. The energy of the hydrogen bond between the distal histidine residue and CO or O2 has been estimated to be 8 kJ/mol and 32 kJ/mol, respectively. This 24 k J/mol energy difference accounts for most of the discrimination between CO and O2 by myoglobin (abo

Global warming and its effects on climate are of great concern. Climate change can affect buildings in different ways. Increased structural loads from wind and water, changes in energy need and decreased moisture durability of materials are some examples of the consequences. Future climate conditions are simulated by global climate models (GCMs). Downscaling by regional climate models (RCMs) provi

With 10,5% women in parliament, Myanmar ranks number 157 out of 193 countries on the rate of women in parliament. This thesis aims at investigating the gendered institutions that influence women’s descriptive representation in politics through a case study on political recruitment within the Democratic Party for a New Society, DPNS, and their youth wing Youth for a New Society. The main research q

The relationship between Turkey and the EU is one that stands out as specifically unique due to a decades-long controversy about what constitutes European identity in relation to Turkey’s bid for EU membership. This long-standing debate about Turkey regards an identity based on two differing concepts of Modern Europe and Europe where Modern Europe is seen as the ‘inclusive’ and Europe is viewed as