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Direct or indirect exchange of commercially sensitive information between competitors is prohibited by Article 101(1) TFEU. Such disclosures enable undertakings to collude, that is, to trade practical cooperation for the risks of competition. Collusion is detrimental for consumer welfare as it allows the colluding parties to raise prices, reduce output and to share markets and customers. Due to th
The purpose is to investigate what the next generation of employees prefer and expect, to be satisfied and motivated at work. It should also be shown, what they prioritise, when comparing two different items. This provides insights into what newer generations expect and what it means in terms of the use of management control to support and enhance employee ́s motivation and satisfaction. This rese
Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) provide a broad range of services and are becoming increasingly involved in topics of policy and governance. At the core of any organisation are the members who constitute it, and the strength of civil society is tied to the strength of its support base. Questions of increasing participation rates are therefore not just matters of concern for fellow participants
Microbial water quality is often assessed with heterotrophic plate counts (HPC) which are not trustworthy and time consuming, and flow cytometry (FCM) with DNA staining by SYBR® Green I (SG) has been suggested as a suitable tool for analyzing the bacterial community in drinking water. This study investigated the existing staining protocol and then applied this protocol to monitoring of slow sand f
There is a longstanding debate between environmentalists and economists regarding the possibility to combine economic growth and sustainability. So far, the neoliberal economists’ argumentation for a capitalist economic system with everlasting economic growth has been the dominating paradigm. In Sweden, one group of environmentalists able to influence policymaking without being actual decision-mak
Using music as a tool for teaching a foreign language has been shown to positively affect the language learning process (Balčytytė-Kurtinienė, 2018; Cañete García et al., 2022; Heidari- Shahreza & Moinzadeh, 2012), and this essay suggests that authentic English songs can be used in the teaching of EFL in lower-secondary school in Sweden to efficiently meet many aspects of the syllabus. Therefo
This thesis examines the challenges that women human rights defenders (WHRDs) in Bangladesh are experiencing in a period of shrinking civic space. It further focuses on how perceptions guide their chosen strategies. Applying political opportunity theory, drawing from social movements research, it explores the structural changes in the political system and how it impacts civil society action. Thus,
Recurring natural and man-made disasters are resulting in an increasing number of displaced people who need to be provided with urgent accommodation. Due to insufficient legal regulations and effective construction methods, refugees are often located in conditions defined as ‘temporary’, offering low quality of living conditions, degrading social environment and destructive impact on the city land
Food and the feminine self have always had a profoundly complex relationship. It has been the site of gender oppression, corporeal discipline and more recently, self-pleasure and creativity for women. It is clear that material world foodwork has provided women with a resource to navigate gender ideals, whether from a more traditional or contemporary perspective; this idea extends to foodwork in th
With an increase in temperature (T) and a change in precipitation (P) patterns due to climate change, global conditions for tree growth are changing and shifting. While some areas experience an increase in P, favoring tree growth, many regions are also predicted to show a decrease in P, leading to trends of desertification. This study examines the projected climate change in Nigeria, located in Su
Abstract This essay will examine if there is a possibility that the Millennium Development Goal number 3 (MDG 3) can be achieved by year 2015 in Bangladesh. Therefore, an examination will be performed of the report The Millennium Development Goals, Bangladesh Progress Report 2011. Focus will be on MDG 3 which aims on promoting gender equality and women’s empowerment for instance in Bangladesh. In
The main goal of this thesis is to determine to what degree can there be observed indications for an overvaluation of Internet companies, which in turn may lead to the next asset price bubble in the Internet industry. By conducting an ex-ante analysis, the current study sets out to add additional knowledge in regards to whether and how well the emergence of a bubble can be determined in advance. T
Expression of mRNAs for neuropeptide Y (NPY) and its receptor subtypes Y1 (Y1-R), Y2 (Y2-R) and Y5 (Y5-R) was studied in adult rat brain using in situ hybridization after 40 rapidly recurring seizures induced with 5-min interval by hippocampal kindling stimulations. At 2-4 h post-seizure, NPY mRNA levels were markedly elevated in dentate granule cells, CA1 and CA3 pyramidal layers, amygdala and pi
Cellular localization and tissue levels of BDNF protein were studied using immunocytochemistry and enzyme immunoassay, respectively, in the cortex and striatum at different reperfusion times (0-24 h) after 2 h of unilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. The distribution of neuronal injury was analyzed in NeuN-, cresyl violet-, and Fluoro-Jade-stained sections. At 2 h postischemi
The paper discusses how families affected by Typhoon Haiyan have been involved in housing reconstruction in the Philippines and the potential for the use of medium-rise buildings. Case study methodology was conducted based on data collected three months after Typhoon Haiyan. Reconstruction projects show different degrees of users involvement such as “reparation of previous makeshift shelter,”“shel
OBJECTIVES:To report the initial experience of an international group of investigators in identifying mutations in the BRCA1 breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene, to assess the spectrum of such mutations in samples from patients with different family histories of cancer, and to determine the frequency of recurrent mutations.DESIGN:Nine laboratories in North America and the United Kingdom
Background: The optimal criteria to diagnose gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remain contested. The Swedish National Board of Health introduced the 2013 WHO criteria in 2015 as a recommendation for initiation of treatment for hyperglycaemia during pregnancy. With variation in GDM screening and diagnostic practice across the country, it was agreed that the shift to new guidelines should be in a
The precarious employment types growing most rapidly in Sweden are on-call with zero hour contracts, umbrella organizations and crowdwork in the gig economy. In the Swedish binary system, those in precarious work often fall between the regulations for employees and those for the self-employed. Both the legislator and the social partners in Sweden work with these problems in the field of employee p
In this work, the possibility of using planar droplet sizing (PDS) based on laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and Mie scattering was investigated within the framework of measuring the droplet Sauter mean diameter (SMD) of direct-injection spark-ignition (DISI) spray systems. For this purpose, LIF and Mie signals of monodisperse fuel droplets produced by a droplet generator were studied at engine re
Introduction and hypothesis: The objective was to compare the effect of antibiotics versus no antibiotics prophylaxis per-operatively on the frequency of urinary tract infection (UTI) following mid-urethral sling application to treat stress or mixed urinary incontinence. Methods: This study was designed as a multicenter prospective randomized trial. Women were included from eight centers in three
