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Background In adults with serious respiratory illness, breathlessness is prevalent and associated with reduced health-related quality of life. The aim of this review was to assess the impact of breathing techniques on breathlessness in adults with serious respiratory illness. Methods Electronic databases were searched to identify randomised controlled trials testing breathing techniques (technique
Environmental loads, such as wind and river flow, play an essential role in the structural design and structural assessment of long-span bridges. Climate change and extreme climatic events are threats to the reliability and safety of the transport network. This has led to a growing demand for digital twin models to investigate the resilience of bridges under extreme climate conditions. Kalix bridg
The emergence of new high brilliance and high coherence facilities such as X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFELs) and 4th generation synchrotrons open a new era in X-ray optics. Dynamical diffraction effects before disregarded are starting to play a role in the beam control of large scale facilities. In the case of XFEL facilities the temporal characteristics of the dynamical diffraction by thin perfe
The movement of XbaI digested O-DNA in 20 nanometer and O-DNA in 12 nanometer high slits was investigated. We found that DNA moved intermittently and following preferential pathways, indicating an important influence of surface roughness. From these intermittent movements two different mobilities were calculated, the total averaged mobilities and averaged mobilities between the intermittent sticki
Background: Home oxygen therapy (HOT) improves survival in patients with hypoxaemic chronic respiratory disease. Most patients evaluated for HOT are former or active smokers. Oxygen accelerates combustion and smoking may increase the risk of burn injuries and fire hazards; therefore, it is considered a contraindication for HOT in many countries. However, there is variability in the practices and p
Estimating age distributions, or star formation histories, of stellar populations in the Milky Way is important in order to study the evolution of trends in elemental abundances and kinematics. We build on previous work to develop an algorithm for estimating the age-metallicity distribution which uses the full age-metallicity probability density functions (PDFs) of individual stars. No assumptions
Analyzes research and innovation in the European Union against the backdrop of the COVID pandemic, Brexit, global challenges and a changing international landscape.
Background Exertional breathlessness is commonly assessed using incremental exercise testing (IET), but reference equations for breathlessness responses are lacking. We aimed to develop reference equations for breathlessness intensity during IET. Methods A retrospective, consecutive cohort study of adults undergoing IET was carried out in Sweden. Exclusion criteria included cardiac or respiratory
One of the characteristics of Polish foreign aid is its focus on the ‘transition experience’ and civil society. This specific celebration of the ‘Polish success story’ contrasts sharply with public debates that frequently criticise the weaknesses of Polish civil society and the difficulties in state – non-state relations. The Polish Aid apparatus itself is not immune to these problems, often exhib
This article provides an insight into the world of Polish development workers operating in South Sudan. It shows that the conceptualisations of aid work in terms of a ‘mission’, a unique job with a special, ethical goal, a difficult, risky operation requiring specific skills are not incidental. Instead, the point is made, that such ways of thinking about foreign aid and distant locations are stron
Forskare och praktiker betonar alltmer vikten av tvärvetenskapliga och experimentella sätt att förstå och bemöta hållbarhetsutmaningar. Det finns en bred enighet om att samhället måste genomgå djupa och radikala förändringar, alltså omvandling (transformation). Men detta berorpå många dynamiska faktorer i lokala sammanhang. I denna avhandling utforskar jag hur man kan främja experimentella tvärvetScholars and practitioners increasingly emphasize the importance of transdisciplinary and experimental approaches for understanding and addressing sustainability challenges. While there is widespread agreement that human society must undergo deep and radical changes, or so-called transformation, how transformation happens depends on multiple and dynamic factors in local contexts. In this thesis, I
Fibre-optic based sensing technologies are becoming popular in the field of geophysics since enable long range and high spatial resolution acoustic measurements. In this work, we present preliminary results obtained using quasi-distributed Fibre-Bragg grating sensing and Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) to monitor seismic activities in an operational underground mine. 12 FBGs and 800 metres of f
Objectives: In India, cervical cancer is the most common cancer among women and makes up for up to 29% of all registered cancer in females. Cancer-related pain is one of the major distressing symptoms for all cancer patients. Pain is characterised as somatic or neuropathic, and the total pain experience is often mixed. Conventional opioids are the backbone of analgesic treatment but are most often
Purpose of the study – The purpose of the study is to develop a conceptual framework and model for further research, of front-line logistic workers ́ perception of sharing their personal information at their work. Furthermore, the study aims to create a framework for how to study information disclosure programs potential impact on employee turnover when being implemented on intermediate parties, n
Rationale: According to the Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD), the FEV1/FVC ratio is used to confirm the presence of airflow obstruction in the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), whereas FEV1 percent predicted normal value (FEV1%pred) is used for grading its severity. The STaging of Airflow obstruction by the FEV1/FVC Ratio (STAR), and its prediction of
