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With the post-Kyoto climate negotiations underway, global emissions must be cut by 66% by, 2050 according to the IPCC, to prevent further damage to the environment. In order for this emission cut to be possible, all nations have to be a part of these negotiations. The Kyoto Protocol and the UNFCCC is the natural starting point for a new climate regime that must be established. Through a literatur
The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive of the European Commission places the responsibility on producers to finance collection and treatment of waste deposited at collection facilities after 13 August 2005, on a collective or individual basis. For "historic" waste, put on the market before this date, producers are responsible for a proportion of their respective share of
The European Union is working towards creating a Common European Asylum System for the purpose of harmonizing the domestic asylum laws of its Member States and creating a system in which asylum status may be determined justly. The Reception Directive of 2003 is the EU legislation that, among other things sets minimum standards of health care for asylum seekers in EU Member States. All EU Member St
The Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI) is a tool for measuring the wellbeing of an economy. The question of how to include the use of renewable energy sources is important when estimating the GPI for an economy highly dependent on renewable energy like Iceland. An analysis of GPI estimations showed that the use of renewable energy sources is reflected by the subtraction of the use of non-renewable o
Rätten till medborgarskap kodifierad i artikel 15 i FN:s declaration om de mänskliga rättigheterna tolkas som rätten att ha rättigheter. Genom medborgarskap säkras tillgång till grundläggande mänskliga rättigheter. Personer som inte betraktas som medborgare i någon stat enligt dess lagar är de jure statslösa. Åtnjutandet av mänskliga rättigheter för de jure statslösa är följaktligen begränsad. FThe right to nationality codified in article 15 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is understood as the right to have rights. By possessing nationality, access to fundamental human rights is ensured. A person who is not considered a national of any state according to its laws is de jure stateless. De jure stateless persons are consequently impeded to enjoy such human rights. As of today
As the Union Customs Code will replace the Community Customs Code with effect from 1 May 2016, the thesis focuses on the new treatment of royalty payments for customs purposes and its legal consequences. In a first step, a comparison between the Community Customs Code and the Union Customs Code reveals that importers will have to face a significant increase in the customs liability of royalty pa
In order to systematize and rationalize the quality control process for FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) input data a software application for this specific purpose has been developed. In order to study the occurrence of user related errors in FDS input data and the possibility of reducing such errors by using the developed application, a case study on archived FDS input data from actual building pro
In 2013, the EU established a Common European Asylum System in order to harmonize the asylum laws throughout Europe. One of the directives in this common system is a revised version of the Reception Conditions Directive from 2003, establishing rules for housing, clothing and food for the asylum applicants. The directive from 2003 should be in place in all Member States of the EU and on the 21st of
The N 1s --> pi* photoabsorption profile of N-2 is quantitatively analysed. New spectroscopical constants for the N 1s(-1) pi* core-excited state are determined from NEXAFS spectra and compared to previously published data. The accuracy of the new spectroscopical constants is discussed and error bars are given for the present data analysis. The goodness of the new spectroscopical constants is demo
Context. The stellar abundance ratio of Mg/Fe is an important tool in diagnostics of galaxy evolution. In order to make reliable measurements of the Mg abundance of stars, it is necessary to have accurate values for the oscillator strength (f- value) of each of the observable transitions. In metal-poor stars the MgI 3p-4s triplet around 5175 angstrom (Fraunhofer's so-called b lines) are the most p
The impact of warmer climate on melt and evaporation was studied for tainted, snowfed and glacierfed basins located in the western Himalayan region. Hydrological processes were simulated under current climatic conditions using a conceptual hydrological model, which accounts for the rainfall-runoff, evaporation losses, snow and glacier melt. After simulations of daily observed strearnflow (R-2 = 0.
DELPHI data collected at centre-of-mass energies up to 208 GeV have been analysed to search for charginos, neutralinos and sfermions in the framework of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) with R-parity conservation. No evidence for a signal was found in any of the channels. The results of each search were used to derive limits on production cross-sections and particle masses. In addi
Ion current measurements can give information useful for controlling the combustion stability in a multi-cylinder engine. Operation near the dilution limit (air or EGR) can be achieved and it can be optimized individually for the cylinders, resulting in a system with better engine stability for highly diluted mixtures. This method will also compensate for engine wear, e.g., changes in volumetric e
Recombinant cystatin C producing clones were isolated from a human placenta λgt11 cDNA library. The cDNA insert of one of the clones, containing 777 base pairs, encodes the complete mature cystatin C (120 amino acids) and a hydrophobic leader sequence of 26 amino acids, indicating an extracellular function of the inhibitor. The deduced protein sequence confirms the protein sequence of cystatin C i
In this study the integration and optimisation of hydrophobic pervaporation for the recovery of natural aroma compounds in the food industry has been studied. The simulation developed in the first part of this study was applied to the design and scale-up of pervaporation units for the recovery of natural apple juice aroma. Both semi-batch and continuous process configurations were considered and t
Objective: To examine the intertester reliability of the three activities of the Cumulated Ambulation Score (CAS) and the total CAS, and to define limits for the smallest change in basic mobility that indicates a real change in patients with hip fracture.Design: An intertester reliability study.Setting: An acute 20-bed orthopaedic hip fracture unit.Subjects: Fifty consecutive patients with a media
OBJECTIVES: The soluble epoxide hydrolase (gene name EPHX2) is responsible for metabolism of 8,9 11,12 and 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, vasodilator and anti-inflammatory substances. There are several functional polymorphisms in the EPHX2 gene: two of them, the K55R and R287Q, showing an altered metabolic activity in vitro, were associated with coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke in prev
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to examine potential therapeutic effect of the two NO donors NCX 2057 (3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid) 4-(nitrooxy)butyl ester) and SNP (sodium nitroprusside) on the early allergic airway response in the peripheral lung. METHODS: The experiments were performed in guinea pig lung parenchyma (GPLP) derived from ovalbumin (OVA) sensitized guinea p
