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The removal of snow and ice from aircraft prior to take-off is a major task at all airports located in cold climates. Currently the removal of ice and snow is carried out using large amounts of costly and environmentally harmful glycol that is sprayed onto the outer surface of the aircraft. Tougher environmental regulations and a cost conscious market have created a growing need for alternative me
Access to electricity is important to meet the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The centralized model of large thermal power stations and a central grid is a conventional system to supply electricity to consumers. This centralized model has failed to provide electricity and to achieve the rural electrification objective in developing countries. Un-electrified areas of the developing world are
Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Kvävekoncentrationen i den gröna biomassan hos vegetation är involverad i många olika biokemiska processer i det terrestra ekosystemet. Till exempel så påverkar den fotosyntesen, förmultning och evaportanspirationen, för att nämna några. Därför är den också ofta en av grundparametrarna och drivkraften i olika ekosystem-modeller. Att mäta kvävehalten hos blad/barNitrogen in the green biomass of vegetation plays an important role in many biochemical processes in the terrestrial ecosystems, and often used as an input parameter to ecosystem models. It strongly influences photosynthetic rate, decomposition, and evaportanspiration, to name a few. Measuring nitrogen in field involves a lot of time and money, and it would be valuable if this part of the data col
Despite the worldwide importance of entrepreneurship, economic research on this topic has been only fragmented so far. Therefore, the goal of this study was firstly to find a common ground between the established neoclassical, endogenous and institutional growth frameworks on the one hand and the entrepreneurial school on the other hand. For this purpose the distinctive models developed by Solow,
The bachelor thesis contains a presentation of three NGOs working for sustainable housing and infrastructure development for the low-income families in Costa Rica and Nicaragua and the future prospect of introducing a wider range of multi-storey buildings. A high number of the Central American population live in densely populated slums in urban areas with harsh living conditions far below the pove
Large and strongly growing organizations tackle the issue of finding a way to decide which business requirements to fulfill and which projects to move forward but often forget the strategic. Once a strategy has been developed, its implementation appears to be seen as a matter of operational detail and tactical adjustment. As efforts and resources risk to be put on the wrong projects, how do you ma
Anaerobic digestion of sludge has been part of the treatment plant in Malmo for many years and several projects on optimisation of the digestion process have been undertaken in full scale as well as in pilot scale. In order to facilitate a more sustainable solution in the future for waste management,solid waste organic waste is sorted out from households for anaerobic treatment in a newly built ci
We present a high-resolution ( R= 75 000, S/ N ) spectroscopic analysis of the bright ( V= 11.7), extreme halo giant CS 31082-001([Fe/H] = -2.9), obtained in an ESO-VLT Large Programme dedicated to very metal-poor stars. We find CS 31082-001 to be extremely rich in r-process elements, comparable in this respect only to the similarly metal-poor, but carbon-enriched, giant CS 22892-052. As a result
The sensitivity to geometrical imperfections of various test methods for wood-adhesive bonds was investigated using nonlinear finite element analysis. The adhesive layers in the specimens were modelled using a nonlinear softening, fracture mechanics model. The specimen types corresponded to the standards according to ASTM-D4680, ASTM-D905, EN-302-1 and a modified version of the ASTM-D3535 specimen
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of prostate cancer has been demonstrated to be a safe treatment option capable of inducing tissue destruction and decreasing prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels. However, prostate-PDT results in large intra- and interpatient variations in treatment response, possibly due to biological variations in tissue composition and short-term response to the th
This study comprises a technical and economic comparison of three different processes for the production of fuel ethanol from pine. The processes were based on the same technical and economic assumptions. The main difference between the processes lies in the front end of each process, i.e. in the pretreatment of the raw material and in the hydrolysis of the hemicellulose and cellulose to sugars. T
An investigation was undertaken to outline how microorganisms suggested for use in coal desulphurization are affected by compounds leached from coal. Three species of the genus Sulfolobus were studied. Sulfolobus acidocaldarius was seen to be affected by compounds leached from coal more negatively than Sulfolobus brierleyi and Sulfolobus solfataricus. It was observed that certain conditions during
Background: Blood lipid levels including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C), and triglycerides ( TG) are highly heritable. Genome-wide association is a promising approach to map genetic loci related to these heritable phenotypes. Methods: In 1087 Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort participants ( mean age 47 years, 52% women), we conduct
Adaptations and, counteradaptations are common in coevolving predatorprey systems, but little is known of the role of maternal transfer of adaptive traits in mediating species interactions. Here, we focused on tolerance against cyanobacterial toxins and asked whether this tolerance was an induced defense developed during Daphnia's lifetime, whether it was a trait that is constantly expressed, and
A new pre-injector has been designed for the MAX-laboratory. It consists of an RF-gun and a magnetic energy filter. The newly designed RF-gun geometry will be operated at 3 GHz in the thermionic mode using a BaO cathode. The pre-injector will provide a 2.3 MeV electron beam in 3 ps micro pulses to a new injector system currently under construction. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserve
Recent magnetic-resonance work on Y-Z suggests that this species exhibits considerable motional flexibility in its functional site and that its phenol oxygen is not involved in a well-ordered hydrogen-bond interaction (Tang et al., submitted; Tommos et al., in press). Both of these observations are inconsistent with a simple electron-transfer function for this radical in photosynthetic water oxida
