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Neurogenesis, the formation of new neurons from neural stem cells, persists throughout life but with a rapid reduction during aging. With such a reduction, decline in cognitive abilities and the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases are imminent. It is, therefore, important to better understand the role of key factors involved in the reduction of neurogenesis during aging. Microglia, the brain-
As the COVID-19 pandemic spread across the globe, unprecedented policy measures were implemented by central banks and governments to dampen the effect on the real economy. Alongside the spread of the pandemic, research regarding how to simulate similar effects of the virus on the real economy and how to formulate optimal policy began spreading at an equal pace. The aim of this thesis is twofold. I
The most common controller in the process industry today is the PID controller due to its simple structure. A regular factory may have thousands of different PID controllers in use where each of them has to be tuned to work satisfactory. Doing this manually can become both a difficult and time consuming task where some knowledge for each process is required. Therefore, it is highly beneficial to h
Three-dimensional (3D) city models are increasingly utilized among stakeholders of different sectors, particularly those dealing with building information. 3D city models are a three-dimensional digital representation of urban structures, most prominently buildings. They offer diverse applications and have gained wide acceptance as a support tool in planning practices. The push to achieve greater
The covid pandemic has put light on a trend of office buildings experiencing more vacancy than ever before, given our working habits have been forced to shift from occurring predominantly in an office to mainly being pursued from our private homes. This project foresees a future where working remotely has become the new normal and proposes a residential program in an existing office structure, giv
Sand and dust storms (SDS) represent a significant and widespread obstacle to sustainable development, affecting its economic, social, and environmental dimensions. SDS pose severe challenges to achieving several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including the eradication of poverty, the achievement of zero hunger, the improvement of health and well-being, the provision of clean water and sani
This thesis investigates if dependence on natural resources causes a delayed demographic transition. The Plurinational State of Bolivia is taken as an example as it is a country with a high share of Mining \& Oil activities in its economy. The method of investigation is a time series analysis covering the period 1900--2010. The results suggest that Bolivia's resource-depleting activities d
In this study the willingness to pay and conformity-seeking behaviour of Swedish consumers when purchasing fair trade coffee were examined. It was conducted through a conjoint analysis on data collected from two different questionnaires; one that presented objective information on fair trade, and one that linked fair trade to aspirational cues. The results indicated that ethical claims of fair tra
Gestures are used in a pragmatic way in interactive contexts such as conversation. Agreement between interlocutors is an ordinary aspect of talk-in-interaction, which is expressed through various types of utterances and gestures. The interlocutors’ status, such as gender and familiarity, may affect both their verbal and non-verbal behavior as previous research has shown. This study investigates th
Canada is one of the only nations in the world that offers universal health coverage that excludes outpatient prescription drug services. This means that citizens may find out their diagnosis free of charge, but must incur out-of-pocket expenses for prescription drugs dispensed outside of hospitals. This paper examines the prevalence of prescription drug coverage in Canada across various socioecon
Over the last decade, financial disclosure and its impact on equity markets has increasingly become an area of interest. Firms suffering from poor operating performance have been shown to disclose bias earnings estimates as a means of evading negative market reactions. In this thesis, we attempt to discern whether managers purposefully bias their earnings estimates in periods of credit quality det
The purpose of this paper is to compare a collection of control variates for Monte Carlo-valuation of spread options on three assets with a view towards energy markets and to lay a foundation for continued research on control variates, e.g. combinations of control variates and adaption for quasi-Monte Carlo. The paper builds upon previous research on option pricing using Monte Carlo-simulation and
Immaterialrätter är i dag viktiga handelsvaror på den internationella marknaden. Därför är gränsöverskridande immaterialrättsliga avtal vanligt förekommande. Det väcker frågor om vilken lag som ska tillämpas på dessa avtal. Situationen kompliceras av att immaterialrättsliga avtal är variationsrika och komplexa. I EU och Schweiz har lagstiftarna valt olika lösningar på frågan om tillämplig lag på iToday, intellectual property rights are important commodities on the international market. Hence, cross-border intellectual property agreements are very common. This raises questions about what law to apply to these contracts. The situation is complicated by the fact that intellectual property agreements are diverse and complex. In the EU and in Switzerland, the legislators have chosen different s
Den internationella organisationen OECD har tagit fram en omfattande åtgärdsplan, BEPS-projektet, som har till syfte att förhindra att nationella skattebaser eroderas på grund av att internationellt verksamma bolag allokerar beskattningsbara vinster till länder med låga skattesatser. Gränsöverskridande koncerninterna transaktioner är en dominerande metod för att åstadkomma önskad vinstallokering. The international organization OECD has developed a comprehensive action plan, the BEPS project, which aims to prevent national tax bases to erode due to that multinational companies allocate taxable profits in countries with low tax rates. Cross-border intra-group transactions is a predominant method to achieve the desired profit allocation. Transfer pricing rules are therefore a central part of
In a progressively globalized world the catapults of economic globalization, is in large, due to increased flows of foreign direct investments (FDI) across the world. FDI flows are considered essential vehicles for economic growth and development. The complex entities that embody a multinational company (MNC ) are often simplified to encompass either an exploitation approach of LDCs by MNCs or the
The aim of this thesis has been to investigate the legal conditions and process for triggering Credit Default Swaps, which are derivative instruments to shift credit risk exposure between parties in an underlying financial instrument. The condition is called credit event and a case study has been done on the Greek credit event in 2012. The thesis shows that there is a clear and robust framework o
This essay addresses the needs of so called ‘climate migrants’. It focuses exclusively on the relocation of the population of Kiribati, a small island nation in the Pacific Ocean whose very existence is threatened by the effects of climate change. With the principles of causality, morality, capacity and community, Miller’s Connection Theory provides the study with a framework for discussing the di
