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This study saw the development of an experimental setup capable of generating and measuring optical-field-induced currents in a variety of nanodevices fabricated specifically for this project. Each device design features two metallic contacts, closely separated by about 5 micrometers, deposited onto a semiconductor or insulator substrate. The region between these two contacts is a junction, being

Since at least 2011, designers and developers around the world have been creating innovative mobile applications for women’s use to increase their sense of security while alone in public space; however, there is little known about women’s everyday use of personal security applications nor how the personal security application phenomenon is making an impact in society. A small Swedish start-up comp

Purpose: This thesis mainly aims to investigate how an open and encouraging approach to customer complaints can affect churn in software as a service companies. This by examining how the approach affects the presentation of complaints, dissatisfaction, negative word-of-mouth and customers repurchase intention followed by a service failure. Methodology: The thesis applies a quantitative approach c

This academic paper explores the current state of regulation in outer space, highlighting the existence of a legal vacuum and the absence of clear norms governing space activities. Existing treaties are often vague and inconclusive in their interpretations. Meanwhile, a new space race is emerging, with commercial entities taking the lead in the West, while global players such as China and Russia sDet går att konstatera att regleringen av rymden befinner sig i en form av rättsligt vakuum. Det saknas idag en tydliga normer för användningen av rymden. Tolkningar av de få traktat som ratificerats av majoritetens av världens länder är vaga och ofta intetsägande. Samtidigt håller en ny rymdkapplöpning på att växa fram. Den här gången har kommersiella aktörer lagt sig i framkant i väst medan glob

Voluntary Sustainability Standards (VSSs) build on market-based governance mechanisms to create fairer and more equitable terms of trade within smallholder-dominated agricultural value chains. Various frameworks and theoretical approaches have arisen to assess social impacts generated through VSSs; however, the findings are scattered and inconsistent. This thesis aims to contribute to a more nuanc

In this master’s thesis The Hedge Monte-Carlo method (HMC) is evaluated. The HMC method is used to price financial derivatives and at the same time obtain optimal hedge portfolios. The optimal hedge is of great importance as it enables risk management in option trading. The advantage of this method is also that different types of options with features like path-dependent and early exercise can be

The present thesis explores the requirement of the waiting period to grant family reunification to Third Country Nationals from the perspective of human rights law. It examines how this requirement, which currently forms a significant part of immigration policies within European member states, may impact TCNs' Right to family life under the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and EU

Denna uppsats har studerat säkerhetsrådets mandat under artikel 41 i FN-stadgan, enligt vilken rådet kan besluta om icke-militära sanktioner för att upp-rätthålla internationell fred och säkerhet. I artikeln nämns exempel på ekono-miska och diplomatiska sanktioner, så som vapenembargon eller upphörande av ekonomiska förbindelser, men artikeln är inte uttömmande och befogenhet-erna under artikeln äThis thesis has studied the Security Council mandate under Article 41 of the UN Charter, according to which the Council can decide on non-military sanc-tions to maintain international peace and security. The article mentions exam-ples of economic and diplomatic sanctions, such as arms embargoes and inter-ruption of economic relations, but the article is not exhaustive. The method used is a legal d

BACKGROUND: The mechanism behind the antiviral action of interferon (IFN) therapy in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is not well understood, and, furthermore, few factors have been shown to be good predictors of a favourable response to IFN treatment in chronic HCV infection. METHODS: Freshly explanted liver cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 80 patients with chroni

Ovariectomized virginal rabbits were treated with either estrogen or progesterone for 4 to 6 months. In vitro responses of muscle strips of the bladder and circular urethra were examined. Estrogen resulted in bladder contractions in response to noradrenaline and phenylephrine, whereas these agonists were without effect or evoked weak relaxations in castrated animals (and normals). Estrogen also ca

OBJECTIVES: To elucidate antibody responses after the second and third dose of COVID-19 vaccine in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRD) treated with biologic/targeted disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (b/ts DMARDs).METHODS: Antibody levels to antigens representing spike full length protein and spike S1 were measured before vaccination, 2-12 weeks after the second dose, before a

Background: Opioid-related overdose deaths remain a common cause of death in many settings, and opioid maintenance treatment is evidence-based for the treatment of opioid use disorders. However, access to such treatment varies and is limited in many settings. Methods: The present study examines the longitudinal effects of a regional patient choice reform which substantially increased availability

Contact allergy (CA) is not uncommon in the population, including to various fragrance allergens. If not diagnosed correctly, allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) may ensue, because targeted allergen avoidance is not possible. The primary objective of the study is to estimate the prevalence of CA to seven fragrance materials in patients with suspected ACD across Europe. Based on the outcome, a conclu

The raw material tier in companies’ supply chains can be a hotspot for sustainability issues like deforestation and resulting legal, reputational, financial and operational risks – yet companies’ supply chain management efforts as well as research on sustainable supply chain management still focus on direct suppliers due to poor upstream transparency. With technical progress, remote sensing and sa

To reduce bird collisions with wind turbines, automatic detection systems have been developed to slow the blades down when a bird is approaching. We experimentally tested whether blade rotational speed (i.e., number of rotations per min) and frequency (i.e., number of times a blade passes a point per min) affected the decision time (i.e., time to take-off), path choice (i.e., the position in the a