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Public procurement for innovation is a matter of using public demand to trigger innovation. Empirical studies have demonstrated that demand-based policy instruments can be considered to be a powerful tool in stimulating innovative processes among existing firms. However, the existing literature has not focused on the role this policy instrument can play in the promotion of (knowledge-intensive) en
The main objective of this study is to introduce the new Sandvik’s production cost-model within Crushing & Screening (C&S) technology. So far, there have been different ways of determining different production costs in the industry, however, the previously published and presented methods have not been very efficient in calculating the costs per product and metric ton. Accordingly, the curr
Most studies that validate GFR equations present accuracy results stratified by measured GFR (mGFR; diagnostic correctness) or by estimated GFR (eGFR; diagnostic predictiveness) only, without a clear distinction in interpretation. The accuracy of a GFR equation is normally reported in percent (e.g. P30), but is often misinterpreted when stratified by eGFR. The aim of the study was to develop new a
In the sense of phenomenology, actions are special cases of acts of consciousness. Within semiotics, first Jan Mukařovský and then A. J. Greimas have established, in different terms, a distinction between instrumental actions and actions which carry their meaning in themselves. But this is insufficient to account for the variety of actions which comprises everything from the creation of artefacts,
There is a shortage of nurses in Sweden, especially specialist nurses. The magnitude of the problem is expected to increase in the near and distant future due to retiring nurses and an expected increase in the demand for health services due to an ageing population in Sweden. In this thesis it is examined whether the shortage of specialist nurses can be explained by the current economic incentives
A literature review of methods where different hazards are combined into a multi-hazard index or method are presented in this report. The purpose of the review is to get an insight into approaches to combine different hazards into a multi-hazard index or method. To directly combine hazards, it is necessary to present them with the same unit of measure. This can be done with different measures for
This work will first go through different definitions about what constitute a holding company. Thereafter the Swedish tax rules, relevant for the localisation of a holding company, will be examined. Subsequently different definitions will be discussed about what constitute a holding company. In that context the concept tax paradise will be discussed. In the next chapter those criterias will be dis
