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During translation, mRNA molecules are incidentally damaged, leaving the ribosome unable to reach or recognize the stop codon and thus stalled with mRNA and a potentially harmful polypeptide product attached to tRNA in the ribosomal P-site. In bacteria, a process called trans-translation has evolved, where a protein-RNA complex (smpB-tmRNA) mimicks the role of aminoacyl charged tRNA in the ribosom
