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I Sverige är den kroppsliga integriteten skyddad både genom regeringsformen och den europeiska konventionen om skydd för de mänskliga rättigheterna och de grundläggande friheterna. Inom hälso- och sjukvården konkretiseras denna rättighet via 4 kap. 2 § patientlagen (2014:821) (PL) som stadgar att vård enbart får ges med patientens samtycke, om inte annat följer av särskild lagstiftning. Ett uIn Sweden, bodily integrity is protected by both the Instrument of Government and the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. In the context of healthcare, this right is concretized through Chapter 4, Section 2 of the Patient Act (2014:821), which stipulates that care may only be provided with the patient's consent, unless otherwise prescribed by specif

Modern public transportation systems are required to be more efficient. The efficiency and the quality of the service is based on several aspects, such as availability, frequency, travel speed, reliability and safety. Stop spacing system is a significant part of the public transport service design and it deeply affects its efficiency. In particular, the stop spacing system has consequences on the

The PODMT3DMS-Tool, which consists of a proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) linked to the Modular Transport 3-Dimensional Multi Species (MT3DMS) code for nitrate simulation in groundwater, is introduced. POD, as a statistical technique, reduces a large amount of information produced by the MT3DMS model to provide the main components of the PODMT3DMS-Tool, i.e., space- and time-dependent terms of

Objective: In the 2016 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism classification criteria for primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS), pre-existing lymphoma is not an exclusion criterion for pSS diagnosis, as in earlier criteria. We aimed to explore whether there are differences between pSS patients with and without pre-existing lymphoma at pSS diagnosis. Method: Patients with IC

We have implemented a self-contained package for DNA microarray analysis in R. The package is named aroma and is formerly known as com.braju.sma. The purpose of the package is to provide end-users with easy access to the latest statistical tools and methods, to provide other statisticians with a structured platform to develop and test new analysis methods, and to make our methods available to an a

Vitamin D insufficiency is common, correctable, and influenced by genetic factors, and it has been associated with risk of several diseases. We sought to identify low-frequency genetic variants that strongly increase the risk of vitamin D insufficiency and tested their effect on risk of multiple sclerosis, a disease influenced by low vitamin D concentrations. We used whole-genome sequencing data f

Background: The "Valentino" cross-sectional study is aimed at evaluating the prevalence and pattern of cigarette smoking according to occupational group in a representative sample of workers aged 18-35 years from Abruzzo, Italy. Methods: Randomly selected workers anonymously self-compiled a structured questionnaire containing validated items. Job type was coded according to the International Stand

Many filamentous organisms, such as fungi, grow by tip-extension and by forming new branches behind the tips. A similar growth mode occurs in filamentous bacteria, including the genus Streptomyces, although here our mechanistic understanding has been very limited. The Streptomyces protein DivIVA is a critical determinant of hyphal growth and localizes in foci at hyphal tips and sites of future bra

Infections caused by anaerobes are common in children. However, limited data are available on bloodstream infections caused by these bacteria in Europe. A multicentre retrospective observational study was conducted over a 4-year period (2020–2023) across 44 European hospitals to analyze all anaerobes isolated from blood cultures. The study examined the epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance pro

Accurate and internationally comparable Human Papillomavirus (HPV) DNA genotyping is essential both for evaluation of HPV vaccines and for effective monitoring and implementation of vaccination programs. World Health Organisation (WHO) HPV Laboratory Network (LabNet) regularly issues international proficiency studies. The 2010 HPV genotyping proficiency panel for HPV vaccinology contained 43 coded

Popular Abstract in Swedish Energiförsörjning är essentiellt för alla samhällen världen över, men jordens resurser är inte obegränsade. Växter utgör en stor källa av förnyelsebara råvaror som skulle kunna användas för att ersätta en del fossila energikällor och material. I växters cellväggar finns olika typer socker som sitter ihop i kedjor av så kallade polysackarider. Cellulosa är den mest kändaβ-Mannoside hydrolases are enzymes that are involved in conversion of the major soft-wood hemicellulose O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan, an important renewable biomass resource. They belong to clan A of glycoside hydrolases and share a common (β/α)8-TIM barrel fold. For their catalysis, they use a two-step retaining double displacement mechanism, and may in addition to hydrolysis also perform transgly

Background We investigated whether prediagnostic reported intake of dairy products and dietary calcium are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) survival. Methods Data from 3,859 subjects with CRC (42.1% male, mean age at diagnosis 64.2 ± 8.1 years) in the European Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort were analyzed. Intake of dairy products and dietary calcium was assessed at ba

CONTEXT: Tuberculosis (TB) is an increasing global problem, despite effective drug therapies. Access to TB therapy during conflict situations has not been studied. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of irregular TB treatment due to an armed conflict in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: Ongoing retrospective cohort study conducted in the capital city of Bissau among 101 pat

As the threat from the climate crisis becomes ever more apparent and shows few signs of stopping alternative development models become interesting. Driven by an interest of examining such alternative solutions, this paper studies degrowth due to it being a challenging alternative to currently applied growth-based models of development that see progress as linked to economic growth. This paper exam

Concerns are growing within the field of development as global democracy rates decline. As a solution to how to rebuild democratic systems is currently unclear, this thesis looks at the case of Colombia and the national protests (colloquially referred to as El Paro) that began in April 2021. The nation, suffering from increasing political polarisation, rising poverty rates and crippling structural

In addition to its complex structure, the cerebral cortex has multiple functions exclusive to humans. Unfortunately, it also plays a crucial role in multiple neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Although we know very little about human-specific gene regulatory mechanisms during brain development, non-coding RNAs are evolutionarily non-conserved, evolve faster, and are highly expressed in

I det svenska straffsystemet åtnjuter alla brottsliga gärningar ett straffvärde. Så även narkotikabrott. För snart ett år sedan, i juni 2011, avkunnade HD en dom som tydligt syftade till att ändra praxis avseende hur straffvärdet ska fastställas i narkotikamål. De två tilltalade som åtalet huvudsakligen avsåg dömdes av HovR till 14 års fängelse vardera. HD sänkte straffen till fyra års fängelse. EAccording to Swedish penal law all criminal offenses deserves a penal val-ue. So while drug offenses. Nearly a year ago, in June 2011, the Supreme Court gave a judgment that was clearly aimed at changing practices in the assessment of the penal value of drug offenses. The two defendants in the indictment were each mainly sentenced by the Court of Appeals for 14 years in prison. The Supreme Court r

The EC provisions on fiscal State aid have since 1997 become an important part of the work against harmful tax competition. The application of the State aid rules to harmful measures is a reversal of the common direction of aid (i.e. leading to preferential tax treatment). This creates several interest-ing legal problems, for example if these rules provide a suitable method to tackle harmful tax c

Many thermophilic bacteria are efficient biomass degraders (producing polysaccharide degrading enzymes and utilizing a great variety of substrates, e.g. lignocellulosic polymers, pentoses, hexoses, as well sugar acids, and sugar alcohols). This makes them interesting organisms as potential cell factories in a circular bioeconomy. Lignocellulosic and marine macroalgal biomasses are regarded as sust