Sökresultat

Popular Abstract in English What is common between the science of physics and global politics? They both define power in terms of energy. Indeed, the uneven distribution of petroleum reserves has been one of the main reasons of social, political and economic problems worldwide. Even more worrying is the rapid increase in the levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This is mainly caused by ouCaldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus is an extremely thermophilic, strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive and cellulolytic microorganism with a natural ability to produce hydrogen (H2) at nearly theoretical maximum yield, i.e. 4 mol/ mol of glucose. Due to its CO2-free combustion and high energy density, among other desirable properties, H2is touted as a fuel of the future. Biological H2 production b

Popular Abstract in Swedish Radiojodbehandling av sköldkörteln är den vanligaste radiofarmakaterapin. För att beräkna aktiviteten 131I som krävs för att ge en viss stråldos till sköldkörteln behöver sköldkörtelns massa och den individuella biokinetiken bestämmas. Biokinetiken består vanligtvis av det individuella upptaget av jodid och den biologiska halveringstiden av jod i sköldkörteln. Den bioloRadioiodine therapy of hyperthyroidism is the most frequently performed radiopharmaceutical therapy. To calculate the activity of 131-I to be administered for giving a certain absorbed dose to the thyroid, the mass of the thyroid and the individual biokinetic data, normally in the form of uptake and biologic half-time, have to be determined. The biologic half-time is estimated from several uptake

The aim of this study was to determine the threshold of fracture probability at which interventions become cost-effective. We modeled the effects of a treatment costing $500/year, given for 5 years, that decreased the risk of all osteoporotic fractures by 35%, followed by a waning of effect for 5 years. Sensitivity analyses included a range of effectiveness (10%-50%) and a range of intervention co

Popular Abstract in Swedish Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning Introduktion Adrenokortikotropiskt hormon (ACTH) stimulerar frisättningen av steroid¬hormoner, främst kortisol, från binjurarna. Kortisol är livsnödvändigt och finns alltid i blodet och förhöjs kraftigt vid stress. I början av 90-talet fann vår forskningsgrupp en koppling mellan ACTH och fettomsättningen som inte involverade steroidhAbstract Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) has strong and direct lipid-lowering effects in man. All apoB-containing lipoproteins, i.e. VLDL, LDL, Lp(a), are reduced by 25-30%. In contrast, levels of HDL increase about 10%. In hepatic cell cultures, ACTH inhibits expression and secretion of apoB. In this thesis we corroborate that the reduced apoB synthesis, seen in hepatic cell systems, is als

Popular Abstract in Swedish Normal hjärnaktivitet är beroende på en delikat balans mellan inhibitorisk och excitatorisk nervcellssignallering. Om denna balans störs och lutar mer åt en ökad excitering uppstår epileptiska anfall. Ungefär 1 % av befolkningen i västvärldens drabbas av epilepsi, framförallt av temporallobs-epilepsi (TLE) vilket är den vanligast förekommande formen av epilepsi bland vu

Screening women for lower genital tract infection with Chlamydia trachomatis is important in the prevention of pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy and infertility. This systematic review aims to state clearly which of the available diagnostic tests for the detection of C. trachomatis would be most effective in terms of clinical effectiveness. The review included all studies published fr

Epidemiologic studies have reported that moderate alcohol consumption is inversely associated with the risk of renal cancer. However, there is no information available on the associations in renal cancer subsites. From 1992 through to 2010, 477,325 men and women in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort were followed for incident renal cancers (n=931). Baseline and

PURPOSE: We assessed the associations between population-based polygenic risk scores (PRS) for breast (BC) or epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) with cancer risks for BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers. METHODS: Retrospective cohort data on 18,935 BRCA1 and 12,339 BRCA2 female pathogenic variant carriers of European ancestry were available. Three versions of a 313 single-nucleotide polymorph

Background and purpose: Few studies on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) only head and neck radiation treatment planning exist, and none using a generally available software. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of absorbed dose for head and neck synthetic computed tomography data (sCT) generated by a commercial convolutional neural network-based algorithm. Materials and methods: For

OBJECTIVES: To identify variables associated with longitudinal change in meniscal extrusion, which might be used as possible targets for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) prevention. METHODS: In a high-risk population of middle-aged overweight women, meniscal extrusion was assessed with magnetic resonance imaging (1.5 T, coronal proton density, in-plane resolution 0.5 mm2, Sante DICOM Editor) at baseline

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the third major cause of cancer mortality, can result from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Due to limited efficacy of drugs approved for HCC and no drug available yet for NASH, identification of new effective treatments is crucial. Here, we investigated whether NV556, a cyclophilin inhibitor derived from sanglifehrins, would decrease the development of NASH an

10Be in ice cores has been instrumental for reconstructing past changes in solar activity prior to direct observations. For a robust use of these records, it is pivotal to understand the 10Be transport and deposition. However, there are only few high-resolution seasonal 10Be data longer than one full solar cycle (11 years) that could enable a quantification of the influences of atmospheric circula

The aim of this multicenter study was to investigate whether a computer-assisted diagnosis (CAD) system could improve performance and reduce interobserver variation in bone-scan interpretations of the presence or absence of bone metastases. Methods: The whole-body bone scans (anterior and posterior views) of 59 patients with breast or prostate cancer who had undergone scintigraphy for suspected bo

Background: Food consumption is one of the most important drivers of environmental pressures. Adoption of healthy diets is suggested to be an option for less environmentally intensive food habits and improved public health. In particular, changes in meat consumption are believed to bring potential benefits. Objective: To quantify the impact of changes in meat consumption on the dietary contributio

Cell-based therapies are emerging as new promising treatments in stroke. However, their functional mechanism and therapeutic potential during early infarct maturation has so far received little attention. Here, we asked if cell-based delivery of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), a known neuroprotectant in stroke, can promote neuroprotection, by modulating the detrimental inflammatory

Background: Previous epidemiologic studies found inconsistent results for the association between red meat intake, nitrosamines [NDMA: N-nitrosodimethylamine, and ENOC (endogenous nitroso compounds)], and the risk of bladder cancer. We investigated the association between red meat consumption, dietary nitrosamines, and heme iron and the risk of bladder cancer among participants of the European Pro

Den digitala utvecklingen har förändrat detaljhandelsbranschen i stor utsträckning. Priserna på e-handelsmarknaden är normalt sett lägre än priserna i fysiska butiker till följd av hård konkurrens, prismedvetna konsumenter och dynamisk prissättning (en prissättningsmodell som innebär att priserna på en produkt varierar flera gånger om dagen). Prismarknadsföring (realisationer, slutförsäljningar, uDigitalisation has had a significant impact on the retail industry. Due to strong competition, price-conscious consumers and dynamic pricing (a pricing strategy in which prices varies several times throughout the day) prices in E-commerce are usually lower than prices in traditional commerce. Under these circumstances, price reductions (sales, clearance sales and finale sales) and price comparison

ABSTRACT Calcareous sandy grasslands are among the most threatened habitats in Europe, primarily because of abandonment, acidification, eutrophication and fragmentation. Much of the biodiversity found in calcareous sandy grasslands depend on the availability of calcareous sand in the topsoil layer. As this sand is naturally depleted of CaCO3 heavy disturbances such as erosion or use of military

Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Drunkningsrisk för skogen? Att mängden vatten i marken är viktig för att granen ska kunna ha så god tillväxt som möjligt är ingen nyhet. Är det för fuktigt drunknar rötterna, på grund av att de inte får en tillräckligt mycket syre. I denna studie har två markberedningsmetoder, högläggning och ingen markberedning, jämförts för att se vilket alternativ som är mestNorway spruce is a coniferous tree with many different fields of application. For an example, they are used as Christmas trees, decoration and as timber or pulpwood. The reason why many foresters in Sweden tend to choose spruce as their main species for plantation is partly because of their fast growth rate and partly because the main products are derived from the actual tree trunks. In the forest

BACKGROUND: There is uncertainty about the relevance of animal foods to the pathogenesis of ischemic heart disease (IHD). We examined meat, fish, dairy products, and eggs and risk for IHD in the pan-European EPIC cohort (European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition). METHODS: In this prospective study of 409 885 men and women in 9 European countries, diet was assessed with validate