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IgG antibodies against Clostridium difficile toxins A and B were followed in controls and patients with an initial C. difficile infection (CDI). Of the 50 CDI patients, 38 were cured and 12 developed recurrence. Compared to controls, patients had significantly lower anti-toxin A and B IgGs at inclusion, but the subsequent levels rose slightly regardless of clinical outcome. The results imply that

distribution G on [math not displayed] is called matrix-exponential if the density has the form αeTz s where α is a row vector, T a square matrix and s a column vector. Equivalently, the Laplace transform is rational. For such distributions, we develop an operator calculus, where the key step is manipulation of analytic functions f(z) extended to matrix arguments. The technique is illustrated via

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to assess the effect of exposure to presistent organochlorine compounds through the consumption of fatty fish from the Baltic Sea on human fertility. METHODS: Information on time to pregnancy, miscarriages, and subfertility was collected retrospectively by self-administered questionnaires in two cohorts of fishermen's sisters from the Swedish east coast, by

We and others have previously shown that inhibitor containing plasma from patients with congenital haemophilia A sometimes reacts less with von Willebrand factor (VWF) containing concentrates compared with highly purified plasma-derived or recombinant factor VIII (FVIII) concentrates. To further substantiate the haemostatic role of a variation in inhibitor reactivity with different FVIII concentra

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) carries a dismal prognosis. There is a need to identify prognostic subtypes of PDAC to predict clinical and therapeutic outcomes accurately, and define novel therapeutic targets. The purpose of this review was to provide a systematic summary and review of available data on immunohistochemical (IHC) prognostic and predictive markers in patients w

Assessment of biodiversity of pollinators on the landscape scale or estimation of fluxes of disease-transmitting biting midges constitutes a major technical challenge today. We have developed a laser-radar system for field entomology based on the so called Scheimpflug principle and a continuouswave laser. The sample-rate of this method is unconstrained by the round-trip time of the light, and the

Background: It has been found that patch testing with 15μl formaldehyde 2.0% aq detects twice more allergies than testing with 1.0%. The clinical relevance of positive patch test reactions is often difficult to determine. Use tests are simple to do and help to evaluate the significance of patch test results. Objectives: To study the clinical relevance of contact allergy to formaldehyde detected by

A framework for an empirical parameterization (EP) of heterogeneous nucleation of ice crystals by multiple species of aerosol material in clouds was proposed in a 2008 paper by the authors. The present paper reports improvements to specification of a few of its empirical parameters. These include temperatures for onset of freezing, baseline surface areas of aerosol observed in field campaigns over

Abstract in Undetermined Multi-state transition models are widely applied tools to analyze individual event histories in the medical or social sciences. In this paper, we propose the use of (discrete-time) competing-risks duration models to analyze multi-transition data. Unlike conventional Markov transition models, these models allow the estimated transition probabilities to depend on the time sp

Background: Serial transverse enteroplasty (STEP) was first described in 2003 as a method for lengthening and tapering of the bowel in short bowel syndrome. The aim of this multicentre study was to review the outcome of a Swedish cohort of children who underwent STEP. Methods: All children who had a STEP procedure at one of the four centres of paediatric surgery in Sweden between September 2005 an

Background Families with parental intellectual disabilities (ID) are likely to need support in achieving a decent family life. In order to accurately plan for such support services, society needs data regarding the occurrence of those parents and their children. The aim of this study was to investigate the 5-year incidence of children born to women with ID in a county in Sweden. Methods Women born

Popular Abstract in Swedish Sedan 1970-talet har intresset för den svenska aktiemarknaden ökat. Utländska och svenska institutionella investerare är exempel på aktörer som spelar en alltmer betydelsefull roll på aktiemarknaden. Generellt sett har en tidigare relativt trögrörlig aktiemarknad ersatts av en livlig marknad för ägande i svenska börsföretag. Förändringarna har betydelse för hur aktieägaThe ownership structure of public-listed companies in Sweden has undergone large changes during the last 20 years. Since the 1970's, the interest in the stock market has grown substantially, and in addition to more active domestic actors, the national borders have been opened to foreign capital. The change towards a more active stock market in Sweden has increased the interest for issues concernin

Popular Abstract in Swedish Vissa E. coli bakterier kan vara utrustad med arvsanlag (gener) som kodar för vidhäftningsfaktorer, som gör att den kan binda till tarmslemhinnan, eller toxiner som kan orsaka olika typer av tarmsjukdom som diarré. En annan faktorer som kan bidra till att en bakterie kan orsaka infektion är genkassetter, som kodar för en rad av olika gener, som t.ex för upptag av järn, The presence of genes in food, encoding some virulence factors, was studied by PCR, and species of Enterobacteriaceae, associated with food, were studied by the DNA-based methods of TTGE, ribotyping and sequencing. The flora of fresh and chill-stored pork were analysed by a culture-independent approach, using specific amplification of 16S rRNA genes followed by cloning and sequencing. No evidence

To find out whether IgG genes are involved in atopy we studied 26 of 101 laboratory technicians who had developed laboratory animal allergy (LAA). The genes for the constant region of the heavy chains of IgG subclasses were analyzed by serum Gm allotypes, representing products on allelic level of the IGHCG1, IGHCG2 and IGHCG3 on chromosome 14q32. There was a significantly increased frequency of th

It was early proposed that somatostatin-producing delta-cells in pancreatic islets have local inhibitory effects on the release of insulin and glucagon. Recent observations that pulses of insulin and glucagon are antisynchronous make it important to examine the temporal characteristics of glucose-induced somatostatin release. Analysis of 30 s fractions from the perfused rat pancreas indicated that