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This essay aims to examine the main factors behind why the transition to democracy during the Arab Spring succeeded in Tunisia whilst it failed in Libya. Tunisia is often referred to as the birthplace of the Arab Spring and later inspired regional neighbours to demand democratic reforms. Through a comparative approach this essay aims to provide a broader understanding as to how and why the outcome
Masshanteringsfall är ett uttryck för situationer där en näringsidkare sköter en stor mängd av likartade ärende mot konsumentkollektivet. Ärendehanteringen sker i enlighet med rutiner som näringsidkaren själv bygger upp, i syfte att minska sina transaktionskostnader. Konsumenten använder däremot det system som marknadsförs av näringsidkaren, utan att ha djupa kunskaper om hur näringsidkaren har ko”Masshanteringsfall” is an expression of situations where a business owner handles a large number of same cases towards consumers. Examples of such cases is payment by credit card, demand for payment, leasing of different objects etc. A business owner often has a defective system about evidence of different circumstances in such cases. A business owner cannot prove, for example, if a consumer has
Private set intersection is a technique for finding the intersection of (two) parties' sets without disclosing anything else, and it finds it use in e.g. contact discovery, finding friends who are already on a social platform. Multi-party threshold private set intersection is an extension of this which allows multiple parties and only reveals the intersection if the intersection is larger than
Denna uppsats behandlar förhållandet mellan folkrätt och intern rätt inom området skatterätt. Uppsatsens syfte är att fastställa när ett skatteavtalsbrott har skett och om den enskilde skattebetalaren har möjlighet att hålla staten ansvarig och kräva skadestånd från staten om staten bryter mot ett skatteavtal. För att underlätta för läsare att förstå analysen görs en genomgång av monism och dualThe subject for this thesis is the relationship between international public law and national law in the area of taxation. The purpose of the thesis is to establish what is a tax treaty override and if it’s possible for an individual taxpayer to hold the state liable and claim damages against the state for breaching a tax treaty. In order to make it easier for the reader to understand the analys
Popular Abstract in Swedish Parkinsons sjukdom är en relativt vanlig kronisk neurologisk sjukdom som karaktäriseras av att nervceller i ett specifikt område djupt i hjärnan av okänd anledning successivt dör. Dessa celler producerar signalsubstansen dopamin, vilken bl a är nödvändig för normal rörelseförmåga. Motoriska symptom (skakningar, muskelstelhet, förlångsammade rörelser och balansstörningarThis explorative study aimed to apply, develop, and evaluate assessment methods at various levels in cell replacement therapy for Parkinson’s disease (PD). Observed motor effects in five grafted patients support that timed motor tasks and clinical ratings of parkinsonism are able to monitor motor function, but their psychometric properties need further attention. Using positron emission tomograp
Although gut microbiome dysbiosis has been illustrated in celiac disease (CD), there are disagreements about what constitutes these microbial signatures and the timeline by which they precede diagnosis is largely unknown. The study of high-genetic-risk patients or those already with CD limits our knowledge of dysbiosis that may occur early in life in a generalized population. To explore early gut
Popular Abstract in Swedish En omorganisation av det svenska Vägverket har medfört ett behov för dem att fungera som en professionell beställare enbart, utan utförande i egen regi. Det har naturligtvis också medfört en förändring i hur man hanterar upphandlingen av vägunderhåll. En väghållares främsta uppgift är att underhålla befintliga anläggningar och se till at de fungerar som avsett. Den näsA reorganization of the Swedish National Road Administration (SNRA) has urged a demand to work as a professional agency only, without any work by direct labor. This structure has enforced a change in how to handle the pavement maintenance and performance contracts are being promoted since they encourage product development and sustainability. Furthermore, SNRA desires to use the road network as a
The main objective of this paper is to examine how exogenous technological progress, in terms of an increase in energy efficiency, affects consumption choice by Swedish households and thereby emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxide (NOx). The aim of the paper is closely related to the discussion of what is termed the “rebound effect”. To neutralise the rebound e
The study was aimed at investigating the conditions and circumstances for the recruitment of prostitutes, as well as their reproductive history, working conditions, knowledge of and attitudes to sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and use of prophylactic antibiotic therapy of these diseases. Two hundred prostitutes were investigated by in-depth interviews at STD clinics, private practices and ho
Popular Abstract in Swedish Under 1900-talet har jordbruket förändrats drastiskt. Från ett småskaliga lantbruk där åkrar, ängar och betesmarker avlöste varandra, och varje gård var beroende av att både odla mat och hålla djuren med foder, till ett allt mer specialiserat jordbruk där både de enskilda gårdarna och hela regioner specialiserat sig mot antingen spannmålsproduktion eller djurhållning. OAs a consequence of agricultural intensification, large areas of non-crop habitat have been lost and farmland biodiversity has declined. Previous studies have shown that the extent of non-crop habitat influences farmland biodiversity, but the relative importance of different habitat types is less well known and the contribution of small incidental habitats to landscape-scale species richness is no
Despite the evidence of unmet support needs among young people who have lost a parent to cancer, only a few support group initiatives have been reported. This observational prospective study explored the psychosocial well-being of young people who participated in support groups at a Swedish specialist palliative care setting. On three occasions, 29 participants, aged 16–28 years, answered question
Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling är ett resultat av ett doktorandprojekt vid Kvartärgeologiska avdelningen, Lunds Universitet. Syftet med avhandlingen har varit att utröna huruvida bildningen av kalktuff i Sverige har varit beroende av klimatet samt under vilka tider och i vilken närmiljö tuffen bildats. I samband med under-sökningen har ett stort antal landsnäckor påträffats och analyAlthough deposition of freshwater calcium carbonates, tufa, has occurred in large areas with carbonate soil or bedrock in Sweden, no tufa formation has been observed in Sweden. To better understand the factors controlling tufa formation in southern Sweden, bio- and lithostratigraphical studies were carried out on (paludal) calcareous tufa deposits in the province of Skåne. The biostratigraphical m
Objective: to describe the trends of self-reported past consumption of alcoholic beverages and ethanol intake from 1950. to 1995 within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Design: Data-on consumption of beer/cider, wine and liqueur/spirits were obtained age 20, 30 and 40 years to calculate average consumption and retrospectively at ethanol intake for the time p
