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High-repetition-rate laser-induced fluorescence measurements of fuel and OH concentrations in internal combustion engines are demonstrated. Series of as many as eight fluorescence images, with a temporal resolution ranging from 10 mus to 1 ms, are acquired within one engine cycle. A multiple-laser system in combination with a multiple-CCD camera is used for cycle-resolved imaging in spark-ignition
This paper develops a theoretical model of the family as producer of health- and social capital. There are both direct and indirect returns on the production and accumulation of health- and social capital. Direct returns (the consumption motives) result since health and social capital both enhance individual welfare per se. Indirect returns (the investment motives) result since health capital incr
The procoagulant function of activated factor V (FVa) is inhibited by activated protein C (APC) through proteolytic cleavages at Arg(306), Arg(506), and Arg(679). The effect of APC is potentiated by negatively charged phospholipid membranes and the APC cofactor protein S. Protein S has been reported to selectively stimulate cleavage at Arg(306), an effect hypothesized to be related to reorientatio
An amperometric enzyme electrode based on laccase for determining phenolic compounds is proposed. The following three types of polymer materials were used for enzyme immobilization on the surface of a glassy-carbon electrode: positively charged cetyl ethyl poly (ethyleneimine) (CEPEI) and negatively charged commercial Nafion and Eastman AQ 29D polymers. The advantages and disadvantages of each of
Objective Uveal melanoma is a rare disease with poor prognosis and largely unknown etiology. We studied potential occupational risk factors. Methods A population based case-control study was undertaken during 1995-1997 in nine European countries using population and colon cancer controls with personal interviews. Occupational exposure to sunlight and artificial UV radiation was assessed with a job
Cell proliferation and long-term production of monoclonal antibody IgG(2b) by M2139 hybridoma cells immobilized in macroporous gel particles (MGPs) in packed-bed reactor were studied for a period of 60 days. The MGPs were made of supermacroporous gels produced in frozen conditions from crosslinked polyacrylamide and modified with gelatin which were housed in special plastic carriers (7 x 9 mm(2)).
An algorithm for the computation of mode I stress intensity factors of a square crack together with an error estimate is presented. The algorithm is based on a hypersingular integral equation. The leading singular behavior of the crack opening displacement in the corners is taken into account. The maximum value of the normalized stress intensity factor, Fmax, is estimated to Fmax=0.7534±0.0002. Pr
Small-x evolution in QCD is conveniently described by Mueller's dipole model which, however, does not include saturation effects in a way consistent with boost invariance. In this paper we first show that the recently studied zero and one dimensional toy models exhibiting saturation and explicit boost invariance can be interpreted in terms positive definite k-> k+1 dipole vertices. Such k-> k+1 ve
The Oskarshamn and Forsmark areas in the Fennoscandian Shield, SE Sweden, have been chosen as potential sites for hosting highly radioactive nuclear waste. To evaluate their respective suitability, the geological history of the bedrock in these two areas has been investigated. This study has focused on the thermal evolution, from c. 500 °C to c. 50 °C. 40Ar-39Ar geochronology on hornblende, muscov
Background: Synaptic degeneration is an early pathogenic event in Alzheimer's disease, associated with cognitive impairment and disease progression. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers reflecting synaptic integrity would be highly valuable tools to monitor synaptic degeneration directly in patients. We previously showed that synaptic proteins such as synaptotagmin and synaptosomal-associated protein 25
While the world's transport energy matrix is still strongly linked to limited and heavily polluting fossil fuels, new markets are appearing for the production and use of alternative transport fuels, such as liquid biofuels. Due to an interconnected global economy, such markets today are developing oil a global scale with actors looking to meet local as well as potential international demand. The a
At the time of writing, the Italian Parliament is debating a new law that would make it legal to practice an unproven stem cell treatment in public hospitals. The treatment, offered by a private non-medical organization, may not be safe, lacks a rationale, and violates current national laws and European regulations. This case raises multiple concerns, most prominently the urgent need to protect pa
Quantum dot (QD)-metal oxide composite forms a "heart" of the QD-sensitized solar cells. It maintains light absorption and electron-hole separation in the system and has been therefore extensively studied. The interest is largely driven by a vision of harvesting the hot carrier energy before it is lost via relaxation. Despite of importance of the process, very little is known about the carrier rel
EPR spectroscopy has proven to be an indispensable tool in elucidating the structure of metal sites in proteins. In recent years, experimental EPR data have been complemented by theoretical calculations, which have become a standard tool of many quantum chemical packages. However, there have only been a few attempts to calculate EPR g tensors for exchange-coupled systems with more than two spins.
Floral scent is a very important trait in plant evolution. Currently, little is known about the inheritance of floral scent in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) or changes that might have occurred during its domestication. Therefore, we analysed scent volatiles and molecular markers in a population of 159 F7 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross of a domesticated blackeye cowpea cultivar, ‘524
Net primary production (NPP) is the difference in gross photosynthetic assimilation of carbon and carbon loss due to autotrophic respiration, and is an important ecosystem variable that facilitates understanding of climate change impacts on terrestrial ecosystem productivity and ecosystem services. The aim of this study is to rapidly estimate the NPP of European potential natural vegetation for cu
Background: Critical needs for treatment trials in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) include assessing response to treatment, evaluating symptom severity, and translation of symptom questionnaires into multiple languages. We evaluated the previously validated Reflux Disease Questionnaire (RDQ) for internal consistency, reliability, responsiveness to change during treatment and the concordance
Use of wood feedstocks for sugar-based biorefineries requires suitable treatments of the various tree fractions to optimize yields. In the current study, stem wood fractions (sapwood, heartwood and knotwood) were sampled at different heights from well-documented Scots pine trees taken from two contrasting stands. The fractions were assessed in terms of chemical composition, response to SO2-catalys
