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Popular Abstract in Swedish Kol-kolinteraktioner utgör starka kemiska bindningar. Detta innebär att de är relativt svåra att både bryta och bilda. Föreliggande avhandling sammanfattar mekanistiska studier av två reaktioner, Stillereaktionen och Heckreaktionen, med hjälp av vilka kol-kolbindningar kan bildas. Ett vanligt förekommande sammanfattningsnamn för denna typ av reaktioner är korskopplingsrThe present thesis deals with various types of palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes and their use in homogeneous catalysis. The focus has been devoted to mechanistic investigations concerning the Stille and Heck reactions and studies under both catalytic and stoichiometric conditions were conducted. As a stoichiometric probe for studying the transmetallation step in the Stille reaction the pl

Sustainable development remains of general interest in both political and academic circles. Importantly, the approach to collective decision making adopted in pursuit of sustainable development has importance repercussions regarding what range of possible informational considerations get incorporated as relevant to a given choice exercise. The most dominant approach to environmental public policy

The need for sustainable agricultural systems, which for example enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) content, has increased the interest for management with reduced tillage. In this study we used a Swedish long-term (20 yrs.) systems experiment, including reduced tillage (harrowing 10 cm) and plowing (moldboard plow 0–20 cm) combined with three levels of nitrogen (N) fertilization. With this setup w

In this paper, we study how foreign ownership of Swedish companies affects employment and wages. To study these effects, we specify a model based on the assumption that the Swedish labour market can be described as one where trade unions and employers bargain over employment and wages. Our hypothesis is that bargaining power is affected by institutional settings and the ownership of the firm. To t

The dry and wet deposition of nitrate, NO3−, and ammonium, NH4+, were estimated for Norway spruce forests at ten monitoring sites across Sweden for the years 2014–2017. The particulate dry deposition was estimated based on measurements using Teflon string samplers as surrogate surfaces, in combination with the net throughfall deposition for sodium (throughfall subtracted with wet deposition). The

Exploratory testing (ET) is a test technique used to test software. It is a free way (compared to scripted test) of testing, where the tester takes notes during the test session. The tester has the option to select his own way when testing the software, he learns and tests at the same time. Notes are the result from the test session and are used to see what has been tested, e.g. the outcome and th

Medgärningsmannaskapet är en komplex rättsfigur som både tillämpats och kommit till uttryck på olika sätt. Det är en oförutsägbar konstruktion och därför intressant att studera och lätt att kritisera. Uppsatsens syfte är att redogöra för medgärningsmannaskapets rättsliga stöd, tillämpning och uttryck samt huruvida konstruktionen tillämpats i linje med en sådan medverkanslära som StraffrättskommiIn Sweden there is a complex legal construction called “medgärningsmannaskap” (perpetrators of parties to a crime) that is both applied and expressed in many different ways. It is an unpredictable unit in the Swedish legal system and thus interesting to study and easy to criticize. The purpose of this thesis is to describe on what legal foundation “medgärningsmannaskapet” is built upon, how it is

Author: Karin Andréasson and Elin Björk Title: The meaning of recognition. –Romani women’s experiences of education as a way to inclusion. Supervisor: Hanna Wittrock Assessor: Elizabeth Martinell Barfoed The aim of this study was to examine the situation of Romani women in Sweden. More specifically, to investigate Romani women’s experiences of and view on education as a way to increase the inclu

With world population expected to reach 9 billion people by 2050, global food production might need to rise by up 70 %. This will require even more extensive use of fertilizers than today. In the wake of an emerging climate crisis the need for biofuels will also increase and further exacerbate the nutrient demand. Most conventional fertilizers are today produced in an unsustainable way and mineral

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to examine how young adults with non-European background and with an upbringing in a city associate to nature and what may have influenced these associations. Given that a majority of people live in cities, there is a risk that many young people do not spend time in natural environments, which may affect their associations to nature and also their environment

Last three decades, China has experienced a stunning economic development, which has transformed the whole county on various levels. Until now, China has followed investment and export led growth and has become the world’s largest manufacturer. However, under the veil of rapid growth, social and economic imbalances have emerged causing a number of serious challenges facing China. Moreover, the Chi

Utsagor från vittnen är ett väsentligt inslag i en effektiv rättskipning. Hot och våld mot vittnen utgör därför ett stort hinder i det brottsbekämpande ar-betet. Om det allmänna inte kan erbjuda vittnen ett tillräckligt skydd vid så-dana angrepp, finns det risk att vittnen väljer att inte samarbeta med polisen, vilket i sin tur kan få till följd att grova brott förblir ouppklarade. I denna studie Statements by witnesses are an essential element of the efficient administra-tion of justice. The occurrence of serious forms of threats and violence to-wards witnesses and their relatives therefore constitutes a major impediment to the work in combating crime. If the public cannot offer witnesses suffi-cient protection from attacks, there is a risk that they will choose not to co-operate with the

A contribution to lesbian and gay history.

Assessing effects of climate change on agricultural systems and the potential for ecological intensification to increase food security in developing countries is essential to guide management, policy-making and future research. ‘Push-pull’ technology (PPT) is a poly-cropping design developed in eastern Africa that utilizes plant chemicals to mediate plant–insect interactions. PPT application yield

BACKGROUND: Child stunting is a significant challenge for most districts in Rwanda and much of sub-Saharan Africa and persists despite multisectoral efforts. There is a notable lack of population-based studies examining the correlation between violence against women and child stunting in Rwanda.OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the association between Rwandan women's exposure to intimate partner

BackgroundSelenoprotein P (SELENOP) is a transporter for selenium and has been shown to protect selenium status maintenance in brain against deficiency, supporting neuronal development, neurogenesis and neurocognitive function. Selenium deficiency has previously been associated with cognitive impairment in various populations, but no studies have been carried out in subjects with heart failure (HF

The presentation and underlying pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is complex and heterogeneous. Recent studies attempted to stratify T2D into distinct subgroups using data-driven approaches, but their clinical utility may be limited if categorical representations of complex phenotypes are suboptimal. We apply a soft-clustering (archetype) method to characterize newly diagnosed T2D based on