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BACKGROUND: Reduced forced expiratory volume (FEV(1)) and forced vital capacity (FVC) are risk factors for myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. However, the relationship with incidence of heart failure (HF) is incompletely known. This population-based study explored whether reduced FEV(1) or FVC is associated with the incidence of hospitalisation for HF. METHODS: 20 998 men (mean age 43 years) w
The study describes the first glycoside hydrolase that exhibits comparable levels of activity on α- and β-linked saccharide substrates. This enzyme, assigned into GH109, is encoded by the genome of the human gut symbiont Akkermansia muciniphila that is a model primary degrader of the heavily O-glycosylated mucin glycoprotein that coats the epithelial enterocytes.The elusive catalytic acid/base cat
Enzymes active on glycosidic bonds are defined according to the stereochemistry of both substrates and products of the reactions they catalyze. The CAZy classification further assigns these enzymes into sequence-based families sharing a common stereochemistry for substrates (either α- or β-) and products (i.e., inverting or retaining mechanism). Here we describe the N-acetylgalactosaminidases AmGH
In this analytical chapter we focus on human factors to shed light on what a 21st-century project might look like from within. Adopting a non-essentialist perspective to project-making, we at the same time acknowledge that the notion of human nature is blurred, dynamic, changeable, heterogeneous, and internally riven. The human condition, hence, always dictates what ontological position a project
Objectives The aim of this research is to study education, income and immigration as risk factors for high hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c >70 mmol/mol (8.6%)) when diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2D) or latent autoimmune diabetes in the adult (LADA). Research design and methods Patients were included from the All New Diabetics in Scania study (2008-2013). Level of education, disposable income and immigrat
Objectives: HLA-DQ2 and DQ8 contribute to the strongest risk haplotypes for type 1 diabetes (T1D) and celiac disease (CD). The variation in genetic risk association is likely linked to different HLA class II loci susceptibility, but association studies of HLA class I alleles are scarce. The aim was to investigate HLA class I A, B, and C alleles polymorphisms in children with only T1D, CD, and a su
Aims: The population of immigrants from the Middle East in Sweden show a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared to native Swedes. The exact reason for this is unknown. Here, we have performed metabolite profiling to investigate these differences. Methods: Metabolite profiling was conducted in Iraqi immigrants (n = 93) and native Swedes (n = 77) using two complementary mass spectrometr
Background:The Mediterranean diet (MD) has been proposed as a means for cancer prevention, but little evidence has been accrued regarding its potential to prevent pancreatic cancer. We investigated the association between the adherence to the MD and pancreatic cancer risk within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort.Methods:Over half a million participants
OBJECTIVE: Obesity is a key risk factor for type 2 diabetes; however, up to 20% of patients are normal weight. Our aim was to identify metabolite patterns reproducibly predictive of BMI and subsequently to test whether lean individuals who carry an obese metabolome are at hidden high risk of obesity-related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Levels of 108 metabolites we
BACKGROUND: While the importance of involving older people in research is increasingly acknowledged, quantitative studies exploring the perspectives of larger samples of older people who take an active role in research on ageing and health are scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the awareness of and attitudes towards public involvement in research on ageing and health among older peop
Background: Self-care behavior is important in avoiding hospitalization for patients with heart failure (HF) and refers to those activities performed with the intention of improving or restoring health and well-being, as well as treating or preventing disease. The purpose was to study the effects of a home-based mobile device on self-care behavior and hospitalizations in a representative HF-popula
In the last decade, digitalized automated decision-making (ADM) has been implemented in many Swedish municipal social services to achieve values such as legal security, client empowerment and time efficiency. The paper aims to understand how ADM policy is legitimized and performed through time efficiency, by a comparison of ADM policy in two Swedish municipalities’ social assistance agencies. It b
The Abraham Accords’ implications for peace in the Middle EastThe Abraham Accords, signed by Israel and four Arab states in 2020, were one of President Donald Trump’s most renowned foreign policy successes. They were also one of few of his administration’s policies that enjoyed bipartisan support in the US. But what type of peace has emerged following the Abraham Accords? In what ways do the Abrah
The aim of the study is to critically review the Swedish government's views on Swedish research by examining a researsch policy through a discourse analysis based on Carol Bacchi's WPR method. The material consists of the Swedish government's research proposition "Kunskap i samverkan, för samhällets utmaningar och stärkt konkurrenskraft". The analysis focuses on identifying w
The zoo is a place where you as a visitor can experience and see wild animals which they probably would not encounter elsewhere. It is a place for learning about our planets nature and biodiversity. Many species are rapidly disappearing due to human activity. There are for example more tigers in captivity than there are left in the wild. One of the zoos most important roles is the conservation of
Denna uppsats består av två delar. Den första delen behandlar vad som sker då en likabehandlingsplan på en offentlig myndighet, i detta fall Region Skåne, utökar rättigheter för persongrupper som inte är skyddade enligt lag. Den gör en utblick över internationell rätt och EU-rätt för att söka ytterligare ledning till hur rätten ser ut i ett vidare perspektiv. Då det inte är självklart vad som gäThis essay is divided into two parts. The issue discussed in the first part is what happens when a public authority, in this case Region Skåne, expands their equal treatment plan to cover grounds of discrimination not included in the Swedish Discrimination Act. It also provides an overview of international and EU laws regarding discrimination. The theories of jurist Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld are use
A company is developing a new product for transporting temperature-sensitive liquids long distances. The new device will have an active cooling unit with very precise temperature regulation. This will increase the transportation time compared to conventional methods. This report will only concern the structural parts of the product, since development of the temperature control system has been done
The purpose of this study was to examine how staff at residential care homes for youths reason about issues relating to sexuality and sexual relations of the youths. The purpose was also to examine how staff perceive the availability, or lack thereof, of relevant educational resources and guidelines in this area, such as action plans, brochures, further training about sexuality during employment,
