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We developed a clinical score to monitor tuberculosis patients in treatment and to assess clinical outcome. We used the WHO clinical manual to choose signs and symptoms, including cough, haemoptysis, dyspnoea, chest pain, night sweating, anaemia, tachycardia, lung-auscultation finding, fever, low body-mass index, low mid-upper arm circumference giving patients a TBscore from 0 to 13. We validated
Background. In metastatic colorectal cancer, mutation testing for KRAS exon 2 is widely implemented to select patients with wild-type tumors for treatment with the monocloncal anti-EGFR antibodies cetuximab and panitumumab. The added predictive value of additional biomarkers in the RAS-RAF-MAPK and PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathways in colorectal cancer is uncertain, which led us to systematically review the
Extensive measurements of soil surface (including vegetation cover) CO2 efflux were carried out on 80 positions at four different forest sites (Sweden, Germany, Czech Republic and Italy) using a closed dynamic chamber technique. The period of measurement was 4-5 consecutive days per site. Two approaches were used to analyze the measured data, the Q(10) parameter and the Arrhenius relationship. Bas
The complex network of neuronal cells in the retina makes it a potential target of neuronal toxicity - a risk factor for visual loss. With growing use of nanoparticles (NPs) in commercial and medical applications, including ophthalmology, there is a need for reliable models for early prediction of NP toxicity in the eye and retina. Metal NPs, such as gold and silver, gain much of attention in the
OBJECTIVE-To evaluate the significance of GAD antibodies (GADAs) and family history for type 1 diabetes (FHT1) or type 2 diabetes (FHT2) in nondiabetic subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-GADAs were analyzed in 4,976 nondiabetic relatives of type 2 diabetic patients or control subjects from Finland. Altogether, 289 (5.9%) were GADA(+)-a total of 253 GADA(+) and 2,511 GADA(-) subjects participate
The Department of Automatic Control at Lund University annually gives a project course in Automatic Control (FRTN40). The course is given at the advanced level (7.5 ECTS credits), and the students work in small teams to achieve a common goal. The projects typically involve a real-world estimation or control problem with relevance to industrial or other applications. In this course, the students ge
Sustainable development requires companies to do their part. Managers are central to the partaking of sustainability in their organizations, having responsibility towards internal and external stakeholders to ensure the organization's long-term survival while being mindful of other things than maximizing profit. SMEs face additional challenges than their multinational counterparts making it mo
Sammanfattning Modern teknologi har medfört helt nya möjligheter för museum att nå ut till en global marknad. Museum har tagit sig an omfattande digitaliseringsprojekt och lanserar numera sina konstkollektioner online. Digitaliseringen omfattar även konstverk som tillhör public domain, vilket betyder att vem som helst är tillåten att mångfaldiga och sprida verken. Problematik uppstår när museum häSummary Modern technology offer entirely new possibilities for museums to reach out on a global market. Museums have undertaken far-reaching mass digitisation projects of their art collections and have established online collections. The digitisation comprises both copyrighted and public domain works of art. Public domain works of art are free for everyone to distribute and reproduce. Problems ari
To reduce the risk of serious chemical accidents to occur there is a legislation called the Seveso-legislation. One part of this legislation demands that all business that handle certain amounts of chemical compounds to submit a safety report in order to get permission to run their business. The safety report should contain over-all plans of how to handle safety as well as detailed descriptions o
Background Today many organizations convert from being a traditional functional organization to becoming more temporary project-based organizations in order to respond to the changing environment. As a result, project-based organizations have difficulties to learn from within the project and between projects which force project members to “reinvent the wheel” over and over again. If organizations
Public transportation gets paralyzed every year when winter conditions occur and the purpose of this thesis has been to summarize experiences from tram cities, mainly in Scandinavia, and suggest solutions to the problems identified. Material was collected from Stockholm, Gothenburg, Norrköping, Oslo, Trondheim, Helsinki and Budapest. Operating the tramway during winter leads to problems specific t
Mesozoikum anses ha utgjort en ”växthusperiod” i Jordens historia med avsevärt höga koldiox-idhalter i atmosfären samt förhöjda temperaturer, men det återstår många frågor att besvara angående klimatut-vecklingen för hela detta intervall. Tidig jura karaktäriseras till exempel av ett varmt klimat, och föregås och efter-följs av två kortare perioder med väldigt höga CO2 halter, som sammanfaller medThe Mesozoic was a so-called “hothouse” time period in Earth’s history, with high concentrations of atmospheric CO2 and elevated temperatures, but the exact climate evolution is not fully known for the entire inter-val. The Early Jurassic for instance is believed to have been a warm period, flanked by two episodes of extremely high CO2, coinciding with environmental degradation and mass extinction
BackgroundFood habits, nutrient needs and intakes differ between males and females, although few nutritional studies on patients with coeliac disease (CD) have reported results stratified by gender. ObjectivesTo compare energy and nutrient intakes among 13-year olds diagnosed with CD in early childhood with those of a non-coeliac (NC) age- and gender-matched control group, and also with estimated
Transgenic Huntington's disease (HD) mice, expressing exon 1 of the HD gene with an expanded CAG repeat, are totally resistant to striatal lesion induced by excessive NMDA receptor activation. We now show that striatal lesions induced by the mitochondrial toxin malonate are reduced by 70-80% in transgenic HD mice compared with wild-type littermate controls. This occurred in 6- and 12-week-old HD m
A theoretical model is established for diffusion of different types of ions in pore solution of concrete and the coupling to moisture flow and moisture content. Mass exchanges between ions in pore solution and solid hydration products in the concrete are also considered. The basic concepts behind the so-called mixture theory are used. The development of a mass balance principle for ions in pore so
The most noticeable common weakness found in Thai SMEs' operations are; (1.) weak costing system and, (2.) unhealthy management system. Fierce competition drives Thai SMEs to strike for continuous improvement. In the war of pricing, market price automatically sets ceiling price for businesses, supply surplus leads customers to choose the most quality product (expected quality at less money spe
Aerial spraying is common procedure at banana plantations in Costa Rica even though the plantations often are situated very close to villages. The fungicide Mancozeb, which is metabolized into the more toxic substance ETU, is one of the pesticides used in aerial sprayings. This thesis has evaluated the exposure of ETU to children living in one of these villages and compared that exposure to differ
