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Denna kandidatuppsats undersöker gällande krav på mens rea för att företagsrepresentanter ska kunna hållas juridiskt ansvariga för medverkan i krigsbrott begångna av Stater inom ramen för icke-internationella väpnade konflikter. En alltmer vedertagen uppfattning är att företag som bedriver affärsverksamhet i konflikthärjade områden kan ha en negativ påverkan på den aktuella konflikten samt, i vissThis thesis examines the levels of mens rea required for corporate actors to be held liable for complicity in war crimes committed by States in non- international armed conflicts. The notion that corporations acting in conflict- torn areas can affect negatively upon the state of conflicts and in some cases even contribute to the commission of war crimes by other actors is becoming increasingly acc

Several channeled emissions at the Sysav water treatment plant for hazardous waste as of December 2021 exceed permitted levels of unknown volatile organic compounds (VOCs) stated in the European Parliament councils’ directives 2010/75/EU. A range of possible treatment methods are briefly discussed before zeolite adsorption, and thermal regeneration followed by catalytic combustion is decided to b

The main drivers of the alarming biodiversity decline are land use and land use change, primarily due to agriculture. It is therefore important to assess the impact on biodiversity caused by production of food and to do so, life cycle assessment (LCA) is a method widely used. Since the UNEP-SETAC provisionally recommended the method by Chaudhary et al. (2015, updated 2018) for impact assessments o

Simulations are an indispensable tool in physics because they complement experiments, especially complex ones. Coherent multidimensional spectroscopy (CMDS) is such a complex experimental setup. In CMDS, the molecular system of interest interacts with two to four coherent laser pulses and the generated emission provides information about the energetic structure and the relaxation dynamics of the p

Like other African countries, Kenya’ economy and food security is heavily dependent on agriculture. Climate change has led to variability in temperature and precipitation, and extreme weather events such as droughts and floods, all of which can significantly impact crop productivity and food security in the long-term. Furthermore, water scarcity poses a critical challenge for Kenya, particularly i

The survival and persistence of the threatened Marsh Fritillary butterfly (E. aurinia) is linked to the availability of its host plant, the Devil’s Bit (S. pratensis), which primarily inhibits calcareous grasslands. Previous research has established that mapping the distribution of S. pratensis serves as a reliable indicator for identifying the presence of E. aurinina larvae nests. In this study,

This thesis examines how small-scale farmers and food artisans in Germany are impacted by and respond to the pressures of the global food system. It is based on the in-depth analysis of a case study of a recultivation effort of the traditional rye variety ‘Mecklenburger Marienroggen’ in Mecklenburg Vorpommern, Northeast Germany. I employ a thematic analysis of semi- structured interview data and s

The rapid expansion of intermittent renewable energy sources has introduced substantial challenges to both the stability of the electrical grid and the economic viability of incumbent wind farms. In light of recent regulatory amendments within the energy market, stakeholders are compelled to adjust their operational strategies. Concurrently, the expansion of wind power has exacerbated price cannib

Introduction: Side-stream residue, oat okara, from the oat-milk production contains valuable nutrients but possesses a high risk of microbial spoilage. Valorisation of oat okara is therefore important to make sure that the oat beverage production stays sustainable. In this project, High-pressure processing (HPP), heat treatment and Lactobacillus fermentation have been evaluated for their microbial

This thesis analyzes the legitimacy of the United States’ sanctions against Cuba during the Cold War from a human rights perspective. It applies four theoretical frameworks: John Locke’s natural rights theory, Marxism, liberal internationalism, and the UN Charter. Using an idea analysis method, the study examines how these frameworks interpret the purpose, means, and effects of the sanctions. Empi

This study explores disaster communication for people experiencing homelessness in the capital region of Iceland. Traditional methods often fail to reach vulnerable populations who require alternative approaches effectively. The objective is to understand and improve disaster communication for people experiencing homelessness and identify possible improvements. To address this, in-depth interviews

This thesis examines Swedish bilateral imports between 1860 to 1913 to assess Sweden’s 1888 shift from free trade to protectionism on Swedish bilateral imports while also exploring the Swedish Norwegian free trade agreement known as Mellanrikslagen during this period. This is approached using Difference in Differences and an event study within a gravity framework. The gravity methodology is co

For decades, the oil and gas industry has attempted to influence the American political system and downplay the severity of climate change. Corporations in the industry have donated massive sums of money to politicians, especially presidential candidates. This analysis explored the impact of those donations and whether there is a correlation between donations from the oil and gas industry and incr

Solanum tuberosum (Potato) is a cool-season, short-day crop that tuberize effectively at temperatures between 15°C-19°C and at a day length of about 12 hours. These environmental requirements pose a moderate challenge to potato cultivar in different region globally. In Northern Europe, summers are characterized by the prolonged daylight and temperature that frequently exceed 19℃. Such conditions c

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a versatile bio-based platform chemical that can substitute fossil-derived intermediates in polymers, solvents, and fuels, thereby contributing to a fossil-free chemical industry. While first-generation feedstocks such as high-fructose corn syrup have been widely studied, their use raises concerns about competition with food supply. In contrast, second-generation r

With the rapid evolution of semiconductor technology and the growing demand for high-performance, low-power System-on-Chip solutions, the design of efficient and scalable on-chip interconnect architectures has become a critical challenge in modern ASIC development. This thesis focuses on design space exploration of replacing multiple ARM CoreLink NIC-400 crossbar-based interconnects with a unified

Since Sweden's historic decision to join NATO in 2022, much attention has been given to the political decision-making process. However, less attention has focused on external influences in the non-political policy analysis. This thesis purpose has therefore been to investigate how Washington-based think tanks contributed to Sweden’s security policy analysis during the NATO accession process be

Arctic coastal fishing communities face rapid environmental, social, and regulatory changes that challenge their adaptive capacity and resilience. Focusing on Moskenes on the Lofoten islands in northern Norway and approaching the case with a critical perspective on social resilience theory, this study investigates the adaptability of coastal fisheries and how their adaptive capacity is affected by

The pulmonary route has emerged as a promising strategy for delivering protein therapeutics, particularly for patients suffering from respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pulmonary infections. This project investigated the effect of operating parameters of a laboratory spray dryer on the characteristics of powders composed of Bovine Serum Albumin

Dead wood is a key element in forest ecosystems and a wide range of organisms are dependent on this substrate for development and reproduction. Saproxylic beetles are important decomposers of dead wood and serve as food for many organisms. Due to the significant forestry-related decrease of dead wood in rural areas, many species of saproxylic beetles are considered threatened. Thus, other spaces h