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The disease mechanisms underlying type 2 diabetes (T2D) remain poorly defined. Here we aimed to explore the pathophysiology of T2D by analyzing gene co-expression networks in human islets. Using partial correlation networks we identified a group of co-expressed genes ('module') including F2RL2 that was associated with glycated hemoglobin. F2Rl2 is a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that encodes p
Recent ChIP experiments of human and mouse embryonic stem cells have elucidated the architecture of the transcriptional regulatory circuitry responsible for cell determination, which involves the transcription factors OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG. In addition to regulating each other through feedback loops, these genes also regulate downstream target genes involved in the maintenance and differentiation
In our inbred strain of cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) 50% of the females develop spontaneous ECL cell-derived tumors in the acid-producing part of the stomach due to hypergastrinemia secondary to gastric hypoacidity. Although the mechanism behind the hypoacidity is unknown, the female cotton rat is an excellent model for studying ECL cell-related tumorigenesis. In this study we wanted to explore
Human blood group A and B antigens are produced by two closely related glycosyltransferase enzymes. An N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GTA) utilizes UDP-GalNAc to extend H antigen acceptors (Fuc alpha(1-2)Gal beta-OR) producing A antigens, whereas a galactosyltransferase (GTB) utilizes UDP-Gal as a donor to extend H structures producing B antigens. GTA and GTB have a characteristic (DVD213)-D-2
The ADAM ( a disintegrin and metalloprotease) family consists of multidomain cell-surface proteins that have a major impact on cell behavior. These transmembrane-anchored proteins are synthesized as proforms that have ( from the N terminus): a prodomain; a metalloprotease, disintegrin-like-, cysteine-rich, epidermal growth factor-like, and transmembrane domain; and a cytoplasmic tail. The 90-kDa m
Oak moss absolute is a long-known, popular natural extract widely used in perfumes. It is reported as the cause of allergic reactions in a significant number of those with perfume allergy. Oak moss absolute has been the target of recent research to identify its allergenic components. Recently, chloroatranol, a hitherto unknown fragrance allergen, was identified in oak moss absolute. The objective
A reaction system consisting of terephthalic acid, NaOH, inorganic Mn(II) or Mn(III) salt, and salicylidene alkylimine resulted in dinuclear manganese complexes (salpn)(2)Mn-2(mu-phth)(CH3OH)(2) (1, salpn = N,N'-1,3-propylene-bis(salicylideneiminato); phth = terephthalate dianion), (salen)(2)Mn-2(mu-phth)(CH3OH)(2) (2, salen = N,N'-ethylene-bis(salicylideneiminato)), (salen)(2)Mn-2(mu-phth)(CH3OH)
In vitro, expanded neurospheres exhibit multipotent properties and can differentiate into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. In vivo, cells from neurospheres derived from mouse fetal forebrain have previously been reported to predominantly differentiate into glial cells, and not into neurons. Here we isolated stem/progenitor cells from E13.5 lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE), medial ganglio
Fire functional traits (postfire resprouting and seeding) are considered to be adaptations for persisting in fire-prone environments. Although ecological and evolutionary consequences of sprouting have been extensively discussed, within-species genetic variability and structure are unknown. Here we report levels and distribution patterns of genetic polymorphisms in postfire stands of the predomina
Popular Abstract in Swedish Den här avhandlingen består av fem papper (A-E) som samtliga är tillämpningar av Rice's formel. Tillämpningsområdena är inom oceanografi och miljö. De tre första papperna behandlar egenskaper hos mötande havsvågor, det vill säga vågor som ett fartyg möter när det seglar på havet. Papper A syftar till att hitta en formel för att räkna ut intensiteten av sådana vågor. SpThis thesis is based on five papers (A-E), all treating various applications of Rice's formula. The areas of application are oceanographic and environmental problems. The first three papers treat properties of encountering waves, that is, waves that a ship encounters while sailing on the ocean. Paper A addresses the problem of computing the intensity of such waves and, in particular, the intensit
PURPOSE: A previous study has shown age- and sex-related differences in abdominal aortic compliance. In that study blood pressure determined by auscultation in the brachial artery was assumed to be equal to blood pressure in the abdominal aorta. To validate our findings we investigated the pressure-diameter (P-D) relationship of the abdominal aorta. METHODS: Diameter and pulsatile diameter change
Testicular germ cell tumours (TGCT) exhibit remarkable ability to differentiate into virtually all somatic tissue types. In this study, we investigated changes in mucin-type O-glycosylation, which have been associated with somatic cell differentiation and cancer. Expression profile of simple mucin-type O-glycans (Tn, sialyl-Tn, T), histo-blood group H and A variants and six polypeptide Ga1NAc-tran
Dynamic models complement existing time series of observations and static critical load calculations by simulating past and future development of chemistry in forest and lake ecosystems. They are used for dynamic assessment of the acidification and to produce target load functions, that describe what combinations of nitrogen and sulfur emission reductions are needed to achieve a chemical or biolog
Ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi are known to colonize minerals in forest soil, and in many laboratory experiments it has been confirmed that EM fungi stimulate dissolution of minerals such as apatite, biotite and feldspars. However, due to the low number of experiments performed in the field, and in forests with different soil fertilities, it is difficult to conclude whether this effect has any ecologi
This work proposes methodologies using a model-based approach to gain knowledge on and assist the development of an ion-exchange step in a protein purification process; the separation of IgG from a mixture containing IgG, insulin and transferrin. This approach is suitable for capture and intermediate steps in a process. Both methods involve four consecutive steps. Firstly, the retention of the dif
