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We demonstrate junctionless tri-gate MOSFETs utilizing a single layer 7 nm thick In0.80Ga0.20As (ND ∼ 1×1019 cm-3) as both channel and contacts. Devices with source and drain metal separation of 32 nm and Lg of 25 nm exhibit SS = 76 mV/dec., both the highest reported gm = 1.6 mS/μα and Ion = 160 μA/μm (VDD = 0.5 V, IOFF = 100 nA/μm) for a junctionless transistor. We also examine the influence of t

In the unskilled labor market of Industrial Revolution Britain, there was a distinct division of labor between the sexes. This occupational sorting may have been caused by gender discrimination, but, because men and women had different comparative advantages, it could also have been produced by a competitive market. This paper attempts to determine whether the division of labor resulted from discr

Underground infrastructure such as buried district heating pipes are difficult to inspect. The methods available to assess the status of the district heating pipes are often both expensive and do not provide enough evidence to determine the condition of the pipelines. This paper discusses how utilities systematically can work with risk assessments and risk classification to plan the maintenance an

We study the distribution of phases and amplitudes for the spectral representation of weighted moving averages of a general noise measure. The simple independent structure, known for the Gaussian case, and involving Rayleigh amplitude and uniform phase distributions, is lost for the non Gaussian noise case. We show that the amplitude/phase distributions exhibit a rich and more complex structure de

The European Spallation Source (Lund, Sweden) is an under construction multi-disciplinary research facility to be based around a Linear Particle Accelerator which is to provide 2.86 ms long proton pulses at 2 GeV at a pulse repetition rate of 14 Hz, representing an average beam power of 5 MW. To accommodate the requirements of the proton linac, a large number of klystrons driven by power electroni

It is well-known that dyadic martingale transforms are a good model for Calderón–Zygmund singular integral operators. In this paper we extend some results on weighted norm inequalities to vector-valued functions. We prove that if W is an A2 matrix weight, then the weighted L2-norm of a Calderón–Zygmund operator with cancellation has the same dependence on the A2 characteristic of W as the weighted

A design of sub-Kelvin single-flux quantum (SFQ) circuits with reduced power dissipation and additional cooling of shunt resistors has been developed and characterized. The authors demonstrate operation of SFQ comparators with current resolution of 40 nA at 2 GHz sampling rate. Due to improved cooling the electron temperature in shunt resistors of a SFQ comparator is below 50 mK when the bath temp

Introduction Reporting estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) instead of serum concentrations is advised in current guidelines. Most creatinine-based eGFR equations for children require height, a parameter not readily available to laboratories. Combining height-dependent creatinine- and cystatin C-based eGFR improves performance. Recently, a height-independent creatinine-based eGFR equation h

After the first description of the inherited nature of bimodal deaf-blindness disease in mid nineteenth century by pioneering ophthalmologists Albrecht von Graefe (May 22, 1828 ± July 20, 1870) and Richard Liebreich (June 30, 1830 - January 19, 1917) followed by its confirmation in early twentieth century from a larger number of patients by another pioneer ophthalmologist Charles Howard Usher (Mar

The road safety development in East-European countries follows in general the trends of the western countries, even though there is a time lag. The fatality numbers are decreasing, though the improvements for the vulnerable road users are less impressive compared to other road user categories. The traditional road safety analysis based on accident history has many limitations related to accident u

We will give a short introduction to foreground/background estimation and Hidden Markov fortracking. More information about the topics can be found in the papers listed at the end.

Building regulations in Sweden require that an energy calculation is done for every building to show that the building design meets the maximum specific energy use as outlined in the Swedish Building Code. The result of this energy calculation is always one number, for example a building might use 89 kWh/m2 year when the building regulation requires 90 kWh/m2 year. This level of reporting can lead

Background: While attending birth mostly has a positive impact on becoming a father, it has also been described as including feelings of discomfort and is more demanding than expected. Objective: The objective was to explore Swedish fathers' birth experiences, and factors associated with a less-positive birth experience. Methods: Mixed methods including quantitative and qualitative data were used.

This scoping study is a first step in determining a way to examine contestability of freight flows to rail and road in Australia. It The study reviews current freight and commodity modelling practice to identifying the most effective model for further study. A four-step commodity flow approach was first identified being most suitable and a proposed model was scoped. However, lack of available data

The demands for an ever higher data rate and a more varied functionality at minimal cost and power consumption have been the driving force behind most innovations in wireless communication systems. Intensive efforts have been made to develop Radio Frequency (RF) Integrated Circuits (ICs) and systems using low-cost Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) processes. In radio transceivers for

Floodwater harvesting (FWH) for artificial recharge of groundwater (ARG) and spate irrigation (SI) is the most widely practiced large catchment water harvesting technique. It has recently received renewed attention for research, improvement, and implementation. This chapter first introduces an innovative, locally adaptive, and improved FWH technique—floodwater spreading systems (FWS)—to guide poli