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Background: There is an urgent need to identify subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the predementia phase, but validated diagnostic approaches are currently lacking. In this paper, we present the background, design and methods of a study, which aims to develop clinical criteria for predementia AD. We also present baseline characteristics of the subjects included. The study was part of the mu
The therapeutic effectiveness of boron neutron capture therapy is highly dependent on the microscopic distribution of the administered boron compound. Two boron compounds with different uptake mechanisms in the tumour cells may thus cause effects of different degrees even if the macroscopic boron concentrations in the tumour tissue are the same. This difference is normally expressed quantitatively
Jawless fishes (Agnatha; lampreys and hagfishes) most closely resemble the earliest stage in vertebrate evolution and lamprey-like animals already existed in the Lower Cambrian [about 540 million years ago (MYA)]. Agnathans are thought to have separated from the main vertebrate lineage at least 500 MYA. Hagfishes have primitive eyes, but the eyes of adult lampreys are well-developed. The southern
This paper compares conditions and costs for RES-E grid connection in selected European countries. These are Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Sweden, Austria, Lithuania and Slovenia. Country specific case studies are presented for wind onshore and offshore, biomass and photovoltaic power systems, as based on literature reviews and stakeholder interviews. It is shown that, especially f
A new robust microphone array method to enhance speech signals generated by a moving person in a noisy environment is presented. This blind approach is based on a two-stage scheme. First, a subband time-delay estimation method is used to localize the dominant speech source. The second stage involves speech enhancement, based on the acquired spatial information, by means of a soft-constrained subba
Laser-induced fluorescence imaging of the NH radical using excitation in the (0-0) and (1-0) vibrational bands of the A3Π-X3Σ– electronic transition is characterized in premixed NH3-air flames. Filtered detection for excitation of the (1-0) band is found to be beneficial for measurement conditions with a challenging background and/or interferences. Concentration evaluation for excitation in the (0
Shrubs have increased in abundance and dominance in arctic and alpine regions in recent decades. This often dramatic change, likely due to climate warming, has the potential to alter both the structure and function of tundra ecosystems. The analysis of shrub growth is improving our understanding of tundra vegetation dynamics and environmental changes. However, dendrochronological methods developed
The ease and abundance of knowledge acquisition that is unparalleled in history, renders knowledge transition and practicing of skills in education insufficient. The importance of personal reflection and identity, i.e. the individual’s mindset, is increasingly important. Re-thinking educational approaches, to entrepreneurship and leadership in particular, is important since they are activities for
We propose a signal-to-noise criterion which predicts whether a feature of a given size and scattering strength, placed inside a larger object, can be retrieved with two common X-ray imaging techniques: coherent diffraction imaging and projection microscopy. This criterion, based on how efficiently these techniques detect the scattered photons and validated through simulations, shows in general th
We consider optimal precoder design for multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) broadcasting channels in single-carrier (SC) systems. Instead of linear detection, we assume that advanced non-linear channel shortening (CS) detectors are utilized at the receivers. Such a scenario is challenging for precoder design as the uplink-downlink duality is inapplicable. The target of our linear prec
In fMRI studies with evoked activity, brain activity is detected by voxel-wise GLM tting, followed by statistical hypothesis testing. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM), one of the most popular classical methods, relies upon Gaussian smoothing to deal with the multiple-comparison correction. As an alternative, we have recently introduced a graph-based framework for fMRI brain activation mapping
Purpose The purpose is to develop a framework for measuring the S&OP process performance. Design/methodology/approach The method used is a multiple case study of five companies from different industries based on data from twelve structured interviews. Findings The main result is a framework to measure the S&OP process. It includes concrete suggestions for organizations when developing me
In the emerging field of Internet of Things (IoT), where computerized devices are combined in creative new ways, there is a need to create Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) for the systems being built, e.g. in the form of Android “apps”. This is generally a complicated, time consuming task. We report from a controlled experiment that evaluates a new approach for building GUIs that aims to make it e
The laminar burning velocity is a fundamental property of combustiblemixtures important for kinetic model validation as well as for practicalapplications. Many efforts are directed towards its accurate determination.The heat flux method is one of the commonly recognized methodsfor measuring laminar burning velocity, however, the information on theaccuracy of the method is scattered in the literatu
Using ultralow-power wake-up receivers (WRxs) can reduce idle listening energy cost in wireless sensor networks with low traffic intensity. This has led to many WRx analog front-end (AFE) designs presented in literature, with a large variety of trade-offs between the sensitivity, the data rate, and the power consumption. Energy consumed during wake-up in a network depends on many parameters and wi
Mixed cultures of a heterotrophic nitrifier/aerobic denitrifier, Thiosphaera pantotropha, and an autotrophic nitrifier, Nitrosomonas europaea, were grown in chemostats under dual ammonia-and acetate limitation. Because of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification by T. pantotropha, the activity of the cultures was evaluated from nitrogen balances as complete as possible. Under most conditions
