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Markovian master equations provide a versatile tool for describing open quantum systems whenmemory effects of the environment may be neglected. As these equations are of an approximatenature, they often do not respect the laws of thermodynamics when no secular approximation isperformed in their derivation. Here we introduce a Markovian master equation that isthermodynamically consistent and provid
Hybrid perovskites are a novel type of semiconductors that show great potential for solution-processed optoelectronic devices. For all applications, the device performance is determined by the quality of the solution-processed perovskite thin films. During solution processing, the interaction of solvent with precursor molecules often leads to the formation of solvate intermediate phases that may d
Based on concepts from quantum thermodynamics, the two-level system coupled to a single electromagneticmode is analyzed. Focusing on the case of detuning, where the mode frequency does not match the transitionfrequency, effective energies are derived for the levels and the photon energy. It is shown that these should be usedfor energy exchange with fermionic and bosonic reservoirs in the steady st
Penetration of the viral genome into a host cell nucleus is critical for initiation of viral replication for most DNA viruses and a few RNA viruses. For herpesviruses, viral DNA ejection into a nucleus occurs when the capsid docks at the nuclear pore complex (NPC) basket with the correct orientation of the unique capsid portal vertex. It has been shown that capsid vertex-specific component (CVSC)
Large datasets are now ubiquitous as technology enables higher-throughput experiments, but rarely can a research field truly benefit from the research data generated due to inconsistent formatting, undocumented storage or improper dissemination. Here we extract all the meaningful device data from peer-reviewed papers on metal-halide perovskite solar cells published so far and make them available i
In voltage- and temperature-biased coherent conductors quantum screening effects occur if the conductor's transmission is energy dependent. Here, we show that an additional ac-driven terminal can act as a probe for a direct readout of such effects, hitherto unexplored. We find that screening of charges induced by the static biases impacts already their standard linear thermoelectric response coeff
Using a new sample environment, the two operando surface diagnostic techniques two-dimensional surface optical reflection (2D-SOR) and polarization-modulated infrared reflection–absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) have been combined with mass spectrometry (MS) to characterize a catalytic reaction. With both techniques integrated in a custom-built setup, we can correlate molecular information of the
Cumulative incidence of revision provides a measure of the failure rate of joint replacements and can be used to project demand for revisions. The most commonly applied survival analysis method (Kaplan-Meier [KM]) does not account for competing risks (eg, death). The authors compared the cumulative incidence function (CIF), a competing risks method, with the KM method through application to popula
As the most common type of defects in WO3, surface oxygen deficiencies have been widely investigated in terms of their structure as well as physicochemical properties. In general, oxygen vacancy on the surface may lead to the reconstruction of the surface structure due to the need for surface energy minimization, especially for the area with high oxygen vacancy concentration. However, such a pheno
Long-term stability is one of the major challenges for p-i-n type perovskite solar modules (PSMs). Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of fully laser-patterned series interconnected p-i-n perovskite mini-modules, in which either single Cu or Ag layers are compared with Cu/Au metalbilayer top electrodes. According to the scanning electron microscopy measurements, we found that Cu or Ag top electro
Vertical III-V heterostructure MOSFETs exhibit outstanding performance at reduced supply voltages. In this paper, we report on a novel process of extending high-speed device operation towards higher voltages. The device vertical geometry allows for engineering a field plate by covering the nanowire drain area with a 10-nm-thick SiO2 film. The film acts as a field moderator in the device drain regi
BACKGROUND: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are validated questionnaires that are completed by patients. Arthroplasty registries vary in PROM collection and use. Current information about registry collection and use of PROMs is important to help improve methods of PROM data analysis, reporting, comparison, and use toward improving clinical practice. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: To characterize PR
Natural sounds, and bird song in particular, play a key role in building and maintaining our connection with nature, but widespread declines in bird populations mean that the acoustic properties of natural soundscapes may be changing. Using data-driven reconstructions of soundscapes in lieu of historical recordings, here we quantify changes in soundscape characteristics at more than 200,000 sites
Welding fumes induce lung toxicity and are carcinogenic to humans but the molecular mechanisms have yet to be clarified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of stainless and mild steel particles generated via gas–metal arc welding using primary human small airway epithelial cells (hSAEC) and ToxTracker reporter murine stem cells, which track activation of six cancer-related pathways
Plasma circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (ccf-mtDNA) is an immunogenic molecule and a novel biomarker of psychiatric disorders. Some previous studies reported increased levels of ccf-mtDNA in unmedicated depression and recent suicide attempters, while other studies found unchanged or decreased ccf-mtDNA levels in depression. Inconsistent findings across studies may be explained by small samp
Two-dimensional halide perovskites (2D PVSKs) have drawn tremendous attentions owing to their outstanding ambient stability. However, the random orientation of layered crystals severely impedes the out-of-plane carrier transport and limits the solar cell performance. An in-depth understanding coupled with an effective control of the crystallization in 2D PVSKs is the crux for highly efficient and
The two-dimensional (2D) affinity between protein molecules across contacting cells is a key parameter regulating and initiating several cellular processes. However, measuring 2D affinity can be challenging, and experimental data are limited. In addition, the obtained 2D affinities are typically averaged over the cell population. We here present a method to measure 2D affinity on single cells bind
ELI Beamlines is a rapidly progressing pillar of the pan-European Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI) project focusing on the development and deployment of science driven by high-power lasers for user operations. This work reports the results of a commissioning run of a water-jet plasma X-ray source driven by the L1 Allegra laser, outlining the current capabilities and future potential of the syste
Lateral III-V nanowire (NW) MOSFETs are a promising candidate for high-frequency electronics. However, their circuit performance is not yet assessed. Here, we integrate lateral nanowires (LNWs) in a circuit environment and characterize the transistors and amplifiers. MOSFETs are fabricated in a simple scheme with a dc transconductance of up to 1.3 mS/μm, ON-resistance down to 265 &#
Purpose: To analyze the relationship between rates of false positive (FP) responses and standard automated perimetry results. Design: Prospective multicenter cross-sectional study. Methods: One hundred twenty-six patients with manifest or suspect glaucoma were tested with Swedish Interactive Thresholding Algorithm (SITA) Standard, SITA Fast, and SITA Faster at each of 2 visits. We calculated inter
