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Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) systems can potentially aid the diagnostic pathway of prostate cancer by alleviating the increasing workload, preventing overdiagnosis, and reducing the dependence on experienced radiologists. We aimed to investigate the performance of AI systems at detecting clinically significant prostate cancer on MRI in comparison with radiologists using the Prostate Im

Disadvantaged areas may prompt or force older people to relocate due to a lack of services, the presence of crime, and area unattractiveness, but knowledge in this area is insufficient. The aim was to investigate whether older adults living in different types of disadvantaged areas in Sweden were considering moving away from the area, and to explore similarities and differences in underlying resid

2H-NbS2 is a classic example of an anisotropic multiband superconductor, with significant recent work focusing on the interesting responses seen when high magnetic fields are applied precisely parallel to the hexagonal niobium planes. It is often contrasted with its sister compound 2H-NbSe2 because they have similar onset temperatures for superconductivity, but 2H-NbS2 has no charge density wave w

Air pollution is an environmental factor associated with an increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, characterized by decreased cognitive abilities and memory. The limited models of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease fail to replicate all pathological hallmarks of the disease, making it challenging to uncover potential environmental causes. Environmentally drive

The use of metal and metal oxide nanomaterials (NMs) is experiencing a significant surge in popularity due to their distinctive structures and properties, making them highly attractive for a wide range of applications. This increases the risks of their potential negative impact on organisms if dispersed into the environment. Information about their behavior and transformation upon environmental in

Hydrodynamic cavitation is useful in many processing applications, for example, in chemical reactors, water treatment and biochemical engineering. An important type of hydrodynamic cavitation that occurs in a Venturi tube is vortex cavitation known to cause luminescence whose intensity is closely related to the size and number of cavitation events. However, the mechanistic origins of bubbles const

In this study, the long-term mortality effects associated with exposure to PM10 (particles with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than or equal to 10 µm), PM2.5 (particles with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than or equal to 2.5 µm), BC (black carbon), and NOx (nitrogen oxides) were analyzed in a cohort in southern Sweden during the period from 1991 to 2016. Participants (those residing in Malmö, S

We report confocal microscopy experiments of electric-field-driven crystal-crystal transformations in microgel colloids with varying particle softness. The transformation kinetics are well described by phenomenological nucleation and growth theory. Using a spatial projection formalism, we determine local susceptibilities to affine shear deformation and nonaffine defect formation in the parent crys

Monitoring the microstructure and damage development of fibre-reinforced composites during loading is crucial to understanding their mechanical properties. Time-resolved X-ray computed tomography enables such an in-situ, non-destructive study. However, the photon flux and fibre-matrix contrast limit its achievable spatial and temporal resolution. In this paper, we push the limits of temporal and s

We introduce the use of correlative third-harmonic generation and multiphoton-induced luminescence microscopy to investigate the impact of manganese (Mn) doping to bismuth (Bi)-based perovskite-inspired nanocrystal thin films. The technique was found to be extremely sensitive to the microscopic features of the perovskite film and its structural compositions, allowing the unambiguous detection of c

Based on disappointing results of stem cell-based application in clinical trials for patients with critical limb ischemia, we hypothesized that the acidic environment might be the key factor limiting cell survival and function. In the present study, we used microdialysis to determine presence of acidosis and metabolic imbalance in critical ischemia. Moreover, we explored the effect of extracellula

Solar cells based on silicon are successfully harvesting solar energy in established and increasingly widespread solar panels. However, their efficiency is limited by the Shockley–Queisser limit. For certain applications where high efficiency is the key figure of merit, the use of multi-junction solar cells is desirable.III–V multi-junction solar cells exhibit the highest efficiencies achieved to

Differences in migratory behavior have been suggested to drive speciation, but the genetics underlying this process remain unknown. Identification and study of migratory divides can help us understand how differential migration can lead to reproductive isolation. Here, we genotyped Willow Warblers Phylloscopus trochilus, from the Åland islands, located in between the ranges of the differentially m

The self-assembly of amyloid β peptide (Aβ) to fibrillar and oligomeric aggregates is linked to Alzheimer’s disease. Aβ binders may serve as inhibitors of aggregation to prevent the generation of neurotoxic species and for the detection of Aβ species. A particular challenge involves finding binders to on-pathway oligomers given their transient nature. Here we construct two phage–display libraries

Despite a large number of studies, out of all drivers of radiative forcing, the effect of aerosols has the largest uncertainty in global climate model radiative forcing estimates. There have been studies of aerosol optical properties in climate models, but the effects of particle number size distribution need a more thorough inspection. We investigated the trends and seasonality of particle number

Optoelectronic devices based on metal halide perovskites continue to show a improved performance, and solution-based coating techniques pave the way for large-area applications. However, not all parameters influencing the thin film formation process of metal halide perovskites are identified and entirely rationalised over their full compositional range, thus hampering optimised thin film fabricati

Rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD), enactment of dreams during REM sleep, is an early clinical symptom of alpha-synucleinopathies and defines a more severe subtype. The genetic background of RBD and its underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we perform a genome-wide association study of RBD, identifying five RBD risk loci near SNCA, GBA, TMEM175, INPP5F, and SCARB

The high stability and conductivity of 3,4-disubstituted polythiophenes such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) make them attractive candidates for commercial applications. However, next-generation nanoelectronic devices require novel macromolecular strategies for the pre-cise synthesis of advanced polymer structures as well as their arrangement. In this report, we present a synthetic rou