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Background: Dihydrotestosterone (DHT), the most potent ligand to the androgen receptor, is synthesised from testosterone (T) by 5α-reductase type 1 and 2. While type 1 is expressed in several non-reproductive tissues in both sexes, men also express high levels of the high-affinity type 2 isoform in reproductive tissues; yet women have a higher circulating DHT to T (DHT/T) ratio than men. We hypoth

Aim Habitual physical activity (PA) affects metabolism and homeostasis in various tissues and organs. However, detailed knowledge of associations between PA and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk markers is limited. We sought to identify associations between accelerometer-assessed PA classes and 183 proteomic and 154 metabolomic CVD-related biomarkers. Method We utilized cross-sectional data from t

Objective: To evaluate the effects of excluding fatty tissue in QSM of human knee cartilage. Materials and methods: Gradient echo images from 18 knee-healthy volunteers were acquired, from which chemical shift corrected field perturbation maps were calculated. Based on these, QSM maps were reconstructed using morphology enabled dipole inversion and one of three masking alternatives: (1) excluding

Occupational exposure to the carcinogen hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] occurs during stainless steel production, welding, and chrome plating. Two sister-projects, SafeChrom and SAM-Krom, were initiated in Sweden and Denmark, respectively, to inform stakeholders, decision-makers and regulators on current occupational exposure to Cr(VI), and preventive measures prior to revision of national occupation

Correlated electron physics is intrinsically a multiscale problem, since high-energy electronic states screen the interactions between the correlated electrons close to the Fermi level, thereby reducing the magnitude of the interaction strength and dramatically shortening its range. Thus the handling of screening is an essential ingredient in the first-principles modeling of correlated electron sy

By combining ab initio downfolding with cluster dynamical mean-field theory, we study the degree of correlations in monolayer, bilayer, and bulk breathing-mode kagome van der Waals materials Nb3(F, Cl, Br, I)8. Our new material-specific many-body model library shows that in low-temperature bulk structures the Coulomb correlation strength steadily increases from I to Br, Cl, and F, allowing us to i

Semiconductor nanowires provide a versatile platform for fluorescence-based detection enabled by their high refractive index and waveguiding properties, which amplify excitation and emission from surface-bound fluorophores. Together with their large surface-to-volume ratio, these features enable enhanced and even single-molecule sensitivity.This thesis explores the use of gallium phosphide (GaP) a

In Acoustofluidics, sound pressure waves can cause a force field on the liquid in a microfluidic channel. The forces depend on density and compressibility of the medium as well as the pressure and velocity amplitude of the sound. The forces lead to a steady flow in the bulk of the fluid, namely acoustic streaming. If a localized change in temperature introduces a gradient in compressibility and de

Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic sequences comprising around 50% of human DNA. TEs shape gene regulatory networks in development, pluripotency and inflammation, and are implicated in a number of neurological disorders. Therefore, TEs are tightly controlled by epigenetic regulators which form a complex repressive network throughout different stages of development. However, while the r

The role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in early mammalian embryogenesis remains unclear due to the complexity of the regulatory mechanisms involving lncRNAs and the limited availability of embryo samples. Stem cell-based models, such as mouse gastruloids, provide new ways to address these challenges. Here, we investigate the function of ultra-conserved lncRNA T-UCstem1 in mammalian body plan f

Magnetic Weyl semimetals have emerged as a fertile ground for exploring quantum phases of matter and quasiparticles. The latter includes unconventional fermions with larger Chern numbers than those of conventional Weyl fermions and topologically nontrivial band structures in bosonic excitations. They hold potential for further experimental exploration of emergent quantum matter, magnon-polarons, w

Objective: There is a well-established association of oral manifestations in the non-infectious chronic diarrhoeal conditions namely, Morbus Crohn, ulcerative colitis, and coeliac disease. Such a connection may exist also for the remaining non-infectious chronic diarrhoeal conditions, that is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and microscopic colitis (MC). Materials and methods: A systematic search wa

The concept of early vascular aging (EVA) was introduced to identify adults at risk of developing premature cardiovascular disease. EVA, or the dissociation between chronologic and biologic age of large arteries, is an evolving concept. In this review, we propose that EVA in youth characterizes the early life biological and environmental risk factors that precede overt EVA. During early infancy, c

BACKGROUND: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at increased risk of epilepsy (EP), but distinguishing epileptic seizures from ASD-associated behavior remains a clinical challenge. Although previous studies have reported changes in peripheral immune markers in adults with EP, it remains unclear whether similar immune signatures are present in pediatric patients with both ASD and EP, a

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The treatment landscape for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) is evolving rapidly. Real-world data (RWD) are essential to understand actual treatment use and outcomes. This study aimed to describe treatment trajectories and clinical outcomes in a large, multicenter RWD cohort under the PIONEER project. METHODS: Eight European and US databases (2016-2020

Diffraction gratings are among the most fundamental optical elements. They are essential in ultrafast optics for manipulating the spectral phase of coherent ultrashort light pulses in grating stretchers, compressors, and pulse shapers. In this work, we have exploited an effect associated with diffraction from a single grating, which can produce large amounts of spatially dependent GDD. Leveraging