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Breast cancer screening is predominantly performed using digital mammography (DM), but higher sensitivity has been demonstrated with digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT). A partial DBT screening in selected groups with a clear benefit from DBT might be more feasible than a full implementation, and using artificial intelligence (AI) to select women for DBT might be a possibility. This study used data
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether probiotic prophylaxes reduce the odds of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in adults and children. DESIGN: Individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), adjusting for risk factors. METHODS: We searched 6 databases and 11 grey literature sources from inception to April 2016. We identified 32 RCTs (n=8,713); among them, 18
While Ellis, Reid, and Kramer’s life history framework is convincing in explaining individual variation in life history strategies, it has certain limitations, which we discuss – drawing notably on the economic theory of fertility choice. In particular, we suggest that ambient cues to extrinsic mortality alone are not sufficient to trigger sustained net fertility decline.
This chapter discusses the changes in protein phosphorylation following ischemia, with particular reference to the regulation of the initiation of protein synthesis. Transient cerebral ischemia seems to induce a post-ischemic imbalance between protein kinase and protein phosphatase activities, leading to a net dephosphorylation of proteins in the vulnerable neurons. This imbalance may lead to the
Background: Ultrasound-guided transvaginal oocyte retrieval is often performed under local anaesthesia on an outpatient basis. The objective of this study was to compare the overall pain experience of a newly designed reduced needle (RN) compared with a thicker standard needle (SN). Methods: A prospective, randomized, multi-centre study was performed at four different clinics from June to December
Background Treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis with interferon beta is only partly effective, and new more effective and safe strategies are needed. Our aim was to assess the efficacy of oral methylprednisolone as an add-on therapy to subcutaneous interferon beta-1a to reduce the yearly relapse rate in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Methods NORMIMS (NORdic tr
Remicade/infliximab is effective in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but response failure is frequent. Sera from 106 RA patients were monitored using an RIA for functional infliximab and an RIA for anti-infliximab antibody (Ab). S-infliximab varied considerably, e.g. 0-22 microg/ml before the 3rd infusion, and 44% were Ab-positive after 6 months. Low s-infliximab was associated with Ab development and l
Three theoretical atomic structure projects of interest for the astrophysical community and the lightning industry which are partially finished will be presented. Extensive ab initio calculations of properties of astrophysical interest has been done or are under its way for Ga I, Ga II, Ga III, In II and In III. The aim of the project is to also make calculations for In I, Tl I, Tl II and Tl III.
Terrorism är ett begrepp som sedan länge har varit svårt att definiera inom den internationella rätten. Trots omfattande internationell reglering har det inte vuxit fram någon övergripande och allmänt accepterad definition inom vare sig traktaträtten eller sedvanerätten. Mot denna bakgrund hävdade Specialtribunalen för Libanons överklagandekammare i ett beslut från 2011 att internationell terrorisThe definition of terrorism has long posed difficulties within international law, and despite extensive international regulation, no comprehensive and generally accepted definition has emerged under either treaty law or customary international law. Against this background, the Appeals Chamber of the Special Tribunal for Lebanon asserted in its 2011 Interlocutory Decision that international terrori
Background: Recent studies have shown that quantification of myocardial perfusion (MP) at stress and myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR) offer additional diagnostic and prognostic information compared to qualitative and semi-quantitative assessment of myocardial perfusion distribution in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Technical advancements have enabled fully automatic quantification
Transient cerebral ischemia in normoglycemic animals is followed by a decrease in glucose utilization, reflecting a postischemic cerebral metabolic depression and a reduction in the activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC). Preischemic hyperglycemia, which aggravates ischemic brain damage and invariably causes seizure, is known to further reduce cerebral metabolic rate. To investigate
The kinetics of trypsin activation of pancreatic procolipase was investigated and the pH dependence of the binding of procolipase and colipase to a tributyrine-bile salt interface studied. The Km was 0.06 mM and Kcat 8 s-1, and was of the same order of magnitude as for the activation of pancreatic zymogens. At basic pH values colipase had a higher affinity for the tributyrine-bile salt interface a
The hippocampus is a brain structure specifically vulnerable to short periods of transient cerebral ischemia, and which displays delayed neuronal necrosis. Protein ubiquitination is a posttranslational modification of proteins and an important factor in heat shock response and a regulator of ATP-dependent protein degradation. Using affinity purified antibodies against ubiquitin and ubiquitin-prote
The RURITAGE Role Models represent thirteen tremendously diverse rural areas across Europe and beyond. By working on the 6 identified Systemic Innovation Areas (SIAs) – Pilgrimage, Local Food, Migration, Art&Festival, Resilience, Landscape – Role Models (RMs) have been selected as good practices in heritage-led rural regeneration and have been studied in WP1 to extract the so called ‘Role Mode
BACKGROUND: While the importance of involving older people in research is increasingly acknowledged, quantitative studies exploring the perspectives of larger samples of older people who take an active role in research on ageing and health are scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the awareness of and attitudes towards public involvement in research on ageing and health among older peop
Introduction: Alcohol use has significant health implications, yet the association between alcohol use and respiratory symptoms remains relatively understudied. This study examines the prevalence of hazardous alcohol use and its associations with breathlessness, chronic cough, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and whether these associations with chronic airway limitation (CAL) differ by a
