Filtyp
Länders kreditbetyg är ständigt i fokus i dagens europeiska skuldkris. I denna uppsats undersöks därför vilka riskpremier som kan förväntas till följd av ändringar i kreditbetyg eller utsikter från något av de tre största kreditvärderingsinstituten; Moody´s, Standard and Poor´s och Fitch. Ett antal ekonometriska modeller konstrueras utifrån ett datamaterial som omfattar 11 EMU-länder under tidsper
In the last decade, Hong Kong maintains a relatively stable and sustained economic growth compared to other developed countries despite the Asian Financial Crisis in 1997, the outburst of IT Bubble in 2001, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in 2003. This thesis suggests that integration with China is the reason for such growth. Many studies have shown that Hong Kong and China have been closely
Abstract The spring of 2011 unrest grew in the Middle East and North Africa, and as a result we saw a surge in in oil prices. This essay conducts an evaluation on if these kinds of geopolitical events within the OPEC have affected the oil price in the past in the same way. As a contrary variable we have also assessed if the VIX-index is a good indicator of decreasing oil prices. We have used
En proglacial miljö är en integrerad del av ett glacialt landskap, där smältvattensavlagrade landformer är vanligt förekommande. Deras utseende är beroende av ett antal olika faktorer, så som processer aktiva under transport och deposition samt ursprungsmaterialets karaktär. Denna artikel syftar till att undersöka två terrestra smältvattens-successioner från de terminala delarna av glaciären MyrdaProglacial environments are an integrated part of the glacier landscape, housing a variety of landforms fed by glacier meltwater. Their appearance is dependent on a number of factors, such as the variability of source material and processes active during the transportation and deposition. The present work aims to investigate two such terrestrial outwash successions from the terminus region of the
The purpose of this study is to provide a theoretical framework that can be applied to both religious and secular terrorism. It is suggested that terrorism can be divided into two categories; practical and ideological. The first category, terrorists with practical objectives like sovereignty or end to repression, are generated by local conflicts. These local conflicts can also have a global impact
This thesis compares three different tests by analyzing the difference in sample means between two different data samples, both with small sample sizes. The three tests being examined here are the t-test, nonparametric bootstrap, and permutation test. These tests are employed under several different circumstances, such as varying sample sizes, means, underlying distributions, and variances in the
superparamagnetic nanoparticles have been used for different applications, especially for MRI as a contrast agent. Recently, a new technique called Magneto-motive ultrasound (MMUS) imaging was introduced making these particles also work for as a contrast agent for ultrasound. This method uses a time varying magnetic field as an excitation source to provoke motion of magnetic nanoparticles laden in
Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning Supramolekylär kemi är en relativt ny gren av kemin som involverar stora kemiska strukturer/enheter. Ett exempel på en ”supramolekyl” man dagligdags träffar på är klorofyll. Klorofyll (Figur 1 till vänster) består av en metall (magnesium) och en större kolvätestruktur som kallas porfyrin. Porfyriner finns i många olika varianter och används ofta i olika biologiskDuring the time range of this project, various compounds were synthesized. All of them will be used to synthesize the final compounds 2 and 3. Consequently, the compounds will build up a supramolecular cavity, which will be used to study a catalytic epoxidation of olefins. The aim of the project was furthermore to gain experience in laboratory work.
Climatic condition is what ultimately frames all ecosystems and is now undergoing dramatic change. IPCC models predict, in 100 years, a temperature increase between 2-5 ˚C and, as a consequence of warmer and wetter conditions, increased humic content in northern temperate freshwater systems. To study the impact of increasing temperature and humic content on shallow freshwaters a long-term outdoor
Functional p53 protein is essential for the cellular response to drug-induced DNA damage. We investigated p53 accumulation in tumour specimens from premenopausal breast cancer patients who were randomised to adjuvant chemotherapy (CMF) or postoperative radiotherapy. Of the tumours from 139 patients, 20 showed abnormal accumulation as judged with immunohistochemistry (> 10% positive tumour cells).
Monitoring atmospheric CO2 concentration changes across China is crucial for reducing carbon emissions and tackling global warming. Due to monitoring gap in satellite observations, this paper uses the Extremely Randomized Trees (ERT) model alongside OCO-2 satellite data and predictor variables to develop a 0.1° high-resolution monthly dataset of column-averaged dry air CO2 mole fraction (XCO2) in
Because corporations trade on the international markets and the governments regulate on domestic markets, conflicts between government regulations are difficult to avoid. Several authors have introduced different ways to avoid this type of conflict. One alternative, which is also proposed by the EU Commissioner Monti, is the inclusion of minimum regulation in the World Trade Organization, by which
Sponsorship is currently a concept to be reckoned with. The development has been rapid in recent decades and the law has still not brought complete clarity whether sponsorship should be seen as promotion or gift. There is evidence that sponsorship cannot be seen in black or white. The right to deduct that exists for the promotion does not apply to gifts, which can have a major impact on the sponso
This thesis discusses social welfare systems in Ukraine and in Sweden with focus on working and mothering reconciliation for the category of lone mothers. The theories applied in the thesis include welfare and care regimes, citizenship perspective, care culture and care packaging. Using analysis of interviews and of social policies in both countries, the author comes to some concluding remarks. Wh
Both flood magnitude and frequency might change under the changing environment. In this study, a procedure combining statistical methods, flood frequency analysis and attribution analysis was proposed to investigate the response of floods to urbanization and precipitation change in the Qinhuai River Basin, an urbanized basin located in Southeast China, over the period from 1986 to 2013. The Mann–K
Mitochondrially bound dihydroorotate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, EC 1.3.99.11) catalyzes the fourth sequential step in the de novo synthesis of uridine monophosphate. Based on the recent functional expression of the complete rat dihydroorotate dehydrogenase by means of the baculovirus expression vector system in Trichoplusia ni cells, a procedure is described that allo
Acylation of 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,6-trisphosphate (α-trinositol) followed by alkylation of the phosphate groups with benzyl bromoacetate or 2-benzyloxyethyl iodide and deprotection provides a route to analogues with modified phosphate groups. The modifications made alter steric and ionisation properties but the possibility to participate in hydrogen bonding and ionic interaction is retained.
