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Central America in general and Costa Rica in particular have been facing with increasing number of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Experts have recently (2013) recommended spatial analysis of the relevant data for better understanding of the situation. This study was performed to evaluate geographical distribution of CKD mortality in Costa Rica through spatial analysis of CKD mortality data. The s
Aerosol particles affect the global climate due to its influence on the scattering and absorption of short-wave and long-wave radiation. The extent of the influence of aerosol particles on the climate varies a lot by time and space, and needs to be quantified. One of the most important natural sources of atmospheric particles is new particle formation (NPF). However, the contribution of NPF events
Disturbances such as wildfires are key players involved in the shape, structure and function of the ecosystems. Fire is rarely included in Dynamic global vegetation models due to their difficulty in implementing its processes and impacts associated. Therefore, it is essential to understand the variables and processes involved in fire, and to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses before going forwa
Precision agriculture requires detailed information regarding the crop status variability within a field. Remote sensing provides an efficient way to obtain such information through observing biophysical parameters, such as canopy nitrogen content, leaf coverage, and plant biomass. However, individual remote sensing sensors often fail to provide information which meets the spatial and temporal res
In recent years, the Arctic has been one of the most dynamic environments on Earth. As a result, scientific inquiry into the region has produced a large amount of data, with future projections of the volume of data for the Arctic as well as the Antarctic expected to increase by an order of magnitude. On the receiving end of these data, a challenge remains as how to best manage, archive and distrib
The focus of this work is to investigate and apply the remote sensing method of object-based image analysis (OBIA) for vegetation classification of a permafrost underlain peatland in sub-arctic Sweden, by using aerial imagery of high resolution. Since the northern landscapes are an important source of naturally stored CH4 and CO2, their contribution to the global carbon cycle is a focus in researc
Advanced features of modern mobile devices have made it possible to develop and use maps and map based applications for navigation purposes. Since most mobile map applications nowadays are developed for motor vehicles, there is a demand for portable pedestrian navigation applications. In this thesis the Android mobile map application with standard navigation tools for pedestrian navigation was dev
Seagrasses are important components of marine ecosystem. They are a primary food source for many organisms and provide shelter and nursery areas for many more. Also they stabilize sediments and act as a natural barrier against coastal erosion. But despite their valuable rule, Seagrasses are facing large threats because of human development. The stresses caused by human activities like trawling and
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is one of the three primary anthropogenic greenhouse gases. The agricultural sector accounts for 75.7 % of all anthropogenic N2O emissions in Germany (Umweltbundesamt, 2012). Thus, accurately estimating N2O emissions as well as mitigation strategies for N2O are crucial. This study optimizes the process-based model DNDC to simulate N2O emissions by conventional winter wheat and
Today, one of the needs of the railway information systems is sharing the precise and exact data among varieties of stakeholders. In addition, efficient use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) encourages the railways administrations to centralize their data and prepare an information model whose purpose is to reduce the demands associated with the transformation of the data. One such reducti
Urban land-use planning, which is a useful tool for the sustainable development of a city, is a complex decision making process. However, the modern GIS technologies facilitate such complex jobs in two ways – (i) GIS allows to work with large numbr of datasets, (ii) a number of methods, techniques or models could be embeded in GIS for land-use suitability analysis. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AH
Spatial analysis, playing an essential role in data mining, is applied in a considerable number of fields. It is because of its broad applicability that dealing with the interdisciplinary issues is becoming more prevalent. It aims at exploring the underlying patterns of the data. In this project, we will employ the methodology that we utilize to tackle spatial problems to investigate how the cell
Interactive web-GIS tools play an important role in determining disaster risk assessment which ultimately result in reduction of unexpected damages, cost and saves millions of lives. Disaster management practitioners largely benefited information at their disposal about location where possible incidents are eminent, anticipate the impact and project possible outcomes to help mitigate and organize
The aim of this study was to explore sea-level rise (SLR) exposure in South-East England by conducting a broad analysis of some of the possible impacts of inundation in the region under different SLR scenarios in a warming climate. The potential effects of coastal inundation were mapped and quantified by applying a modified bathtub modelling approach in GIS to a low-elevation coastal Digital Terr
An evaluation of the current and previous Rosa rugosa growth on Kieler Ort, Germany, with the aim to predict the rose coverage in future, under consideration of environmental factors. Kieler Ort, a rather isolated island in the southwest Baltic Sea is representing a unique environment which is protected for its landscape, nature, flora and fauna and serves as a bird sanctuary. Rosa rugosa, as one
The demand for more water in the southwestern parts of the United States of America is growing due to an increasing population, while climate conditions are becoming more unfavorable with higher temperatures and less precipitation. This study explores current culinary and secondary water consumptions used for irrigation purposes in the Daybreak neighborhood, located in South Jordan, Utah. Addition
Spatial data seamless exchange and interoperable usage has become a necessity in efficient data management and competitive positioning in the European Union. Conceptual and technical framework for the spatial data and services interoperability is specified within the EU INSPIRE Directive. The Directive provides flexible and modular structure, giving the opportunity for customisation of the data sp
According to a recent report from the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency, the city of Kristianstad is considered as one of the most vulnerable in Sweden regarding consequences of a flood. Being protected by a barrier system, a failure would most likely have serious impact on the city. As parts of the city are situated below sea level, a heavy rainfall may cause considerable consequences since ther
Three-dimensional (3D) models are widely used within the geosciences to provide scientists with conceptual and quantitative models of the earth’s subsurface. As a result, 3D geologic modelling is a growing field, such that scientific research often cannot keep up with technical advancements. Literature often shows conflicting results with respect to which interpolation algorithms produce the best
Tree vegetation is an essential element in the daily life of the people in the Sahel region of Africa. It is also considered as a robust indicator of the Sahel ecosystem status and health. In this thesis, a method to estimate tree vegetation was developed and used in mapping the tree canopy cover in semi-arid Sahel. The developed method utilized Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) as the
