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Three plant researchers describe in this book how plants emerged via the fusion of several different types of simple prokaryotic organisms and, through algae, evolved into land plants. During their evolution, they survived global ice ages, violent volcanic eruptions, and collisions with celestial bodies. The authors follow the development of landplants along various paths- some of which have ended
This report presents findings from a case study on food sharing in Utrecht conducted within the CULTIVATE project (Co-designing Food Sharing Innovation for Resilience, https:// cultivate-project.eu/), funded by the EU Horizon Research and Innovation Programme (GA#101083377). It contributes to Task 3.1 in Work Package (WP) 3, examining the economic, social, and environmental dimensions of food shar
This essay examines how different levels of employment protection can affect labour demand for workers with different characteristics. This issue is analysed theoretically utilising the theory of fixed costs of labour and insider-outsider theory. The main conclusion from this analysis is that strict employment protection can be expected to have a disproportionately negative impact on the demand fo
Most cell surface proteins are decorated by glycans, and the plasma membrane is rich in glycosylated lipids. The mechanisms by which the enormous complexity of these glycan structures on proteins and lipids is exploited to control glycoprotein activity by setting their cell surface residence time and the ways by which they are taken up into cells are still under active investigation. Here, two mec
Background: Childhood cancer survivors are at risk of subsequent gliomas and meningiomas, but the risks beyond age 40 years are uncertain. We quantified these risks in the largest ever cohort. Methods: Using data from 69,460 5-year childhood cancer survivors (diagnosed 1940–2008), across Europe, standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and cumulative incidence were calculated. Results: In total, 279 g
Background: Understanding the relationship among changes in Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), patient outcomes, and probability of progression is crucial for evaluating the long-term benefits of disease-modifying treatments. We examined associations among changes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) stages and outcomes that are important to patients and their care partners including activities of daily livin
Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of death and disability globally. Heritable factors and the extent and pattern of myocardial fibrosis are important determinants of outcomes in patients with HF. In a genome-wide association study of mortality in HF, we recently identified a genetic polymorphism on chromosome 5q22 associated with HF mortality. Here, we sought to study the mechanisms by which t
While the impact of H2 chemistry on super adiabatic flame temperature (SAFT) for hydrocarbons is well understood, super adiabaticity for premixed H2 combustion has not been previously reported. In the present work, for the first time, premixed H2/air and H2/N2O combustion in 0D and 1D context have been analysed to show that the instantaneous (0D) or local (1D) temperature exceeds the equilibrium t
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Delivery by Caesarean section continues to rise globally and has been associated with the risk of developing type 1 diabetes and the rate of progression from pre-symptomatic stage 1 or 2 type 1 diabetes to symptomatic stage 3 disease. The aim of this study was to examine the association between Caesarean delivery and progression to stage 3 type 1 diabetes in children with pre-symp
Dead microbial cells, commonly referred to as necromass, are increasingly recognized as an important source of both persistent carbon as well as nutrient availability in soils. Studies of the microbial communities associated with decomposing fungal necromass have accumulated rapidly in recent years across a range of different terrestrial ecosystems. Here we identify the primary ecological patterns
New methods and applications in the separation of biomolecules are reviewed, with an emphasis on the large-scale recovery of proteins. Highlights include the advent of flow-through particles in perfusion chromatography, which allows for very high flow rates, while retaining a high chromatographic efficiency.
Fluorescence, the optical phenomenon whereby short-wavelength light is absorbed and emitted at longer wavelengths, has been widely described in aquatic habitats, in both invertebrates and fish. Recent years have seen a stream of articles reporting fluorescence, ranging from frogs, platypus, to even fully terrestrial organisms such as flying squirrels, often explicitly or implicitly linking the pre
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the rate of re-ascent requiring re-operation after primary orchidopexy and to investigate eventual differences between the inguinal and scrotal approach as well as other potential predictors for re-ascent. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of children treated for undescended testis (UDT) with orchidopexy between 2018 and 2022 was conducted. The primary
The term “whiplash” already suggests difficulties in assessing this problem. Patients suffering from “whiplash” or “whiplash-associated disorders” (WAD) are defined as having been exposed to similar types of trauma or sometimes even similar mode of impact, rather than as having a certain type of lesion or set of symptoms [1, 2]. The origin of the term “whiplash” is attributed to H. Crowe [3, 4], w
