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Changes in soil texture, bulk density, pH, concentrations and stocks of OC, N, P and K before and after conversion of a 6-year-old Acacia senegal plantation to other land management systems (LMS) were investigated, after three cropping seasons, in the drylands of western Sudan. LMS included pure and intercropped sorghum (PS), roselle (PR) and grasses (PC) with A. senegal at high and low-tree densi
A new experimental model, the two-tracer method (TTM), based on the planar laser-induced fluorescence technique (PLIF), is presented for the measurement of the local concentration of a fluorescent tracer in the liquid phase of a bubbly two-phase system. Light scattering and shading effects due to the bubbles were compensated for using the new model. The TTM results were found to give more accurate
Abstract in UndeterminedWe compared terrestrial net primary production (NPP) and terrestrial export of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) with lake water heterotrophic bacterial activity in 12 headwater lake catchments along an altitude gradient in subarctic Sweden. Modelled NPP declined strongly with altitude and annual air temperature decreases along the altitude gradient (6C between the warmest and
Purpose. To study the ultrastructure of biorelevant media and digestion products of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) at high level BS/PL conditions. Methods. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-TEM) was employed to visualize the colloid structures in the biorelevant media and lipolytic products generated during hydrolysis of a SNEDDS formulation. Their electrical pro
In an acute liver injury model we compared the effects of different Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains on bacterial translocation, intestinal load of Enterobacteriaceae and the extent of liver injury. This was an experimental study carried out in an university hospital in Sweden. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups: liver injury control and five groups of liver injury with admi
The production of emulsions using milk as the continuous phase has a number of applications of interest from the food industry's point of view. In addition, producing an emulsion with a narrow drop size distribution is interesting since their increased stability could avoid Oswald ripening and creaming. Membrane emulsification is a novel technique which helps to obtain a narrower distribution comp
Rapid climate warming has resulted in shrub expansion, mainly of erect deciduous shrubs in the Low Arctic, but the more extreme, sparsely vegetated, cold and dry High Arctic is generally considered to remain resistant to such shrub expansion in the next decades. Dwarf shrub dendrochronology may reveal climatological causes of past changes in growth, but is hindered at many High Arctic sites by sho
This panel is devoted to an exploration of multimodal, visual staging of meaning in the Middle East and its transnational interconnectedness. Presentations will discuss examples of visual inventiveness in different and multimodal medial contexts, varying both in terms of motivations, positions of power and visual strategies employed. The panel invites reflection on how the study of current visual
In this study, the interferometric coherence calculated from 12-day Sentinel-1 image pairs was analysed in relation to mowing events on agricultural grasslands. Results showed that after a mowing event, median VH (vertical transmit, horizontal receive) and VV (vertical transmit, vertical receive) polarisation coherence values were statistically significantly higher than those from before the event
We have purified wild type, three structural stability mutants and four charge mutants of bacteriophage T4 lysozyme from E. coli strains harboring desired expression vectors. Structural stability mutants were produced by substitution of the isoleucine at amino acid position three, yielding a set of proteins with stabilities ranging from 1.2 kcal/mol greater, to 2.8 kcal/mol less, than that of the
The Sahel of Africa is an eco-sensitive zone with complex relations emerging between vegetation productivity and rainfall. These relationships are spatially non-stationary, non-linear, scale dependant and often fail to be successfully modelled by conventional regression models. In response, we apply a local modelling technique, Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR), which allows for relationshi
In this study, Sentinel-1 interferometric wide swath (IW) mode backscatter is analysed with respect to physical parameters of buildings in Tallinn, Estonia. Dependence on height, alignment, density, shape, and material is shown and discussed. Distribution of backscatter was estimated with respect to each of the parameters, and a correlation matrix of all physical parameters and backscatter values
BACKGROUND Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), which is defined as the presence of an expanded somatic blood-cell clone in persons without other hematologic abnormalities, is common among older persons and is associated with an increased risk of hematologic cancer. We previously found preliminary evidence for an association between CHIP and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseas
Permafrost degradation has the potential to change the Arctic tundra landscape. We observed rapid local thawing of ice-rich permafrost resulting in thaw pond formation, which was triggered by removal of the shrub cover in a field experiment. This study aimed to examine the rate of permafrost thaw and the initial vegetation succession after the permafrost collapse. Methods In the experiment, we mea
An improved method of calculating the rate of striation thinning for laminar flow in a static mixer has been developed. The shapes of the objects studied are reconstructed using elliptic Fourier descriptors, allowing discrimination between true changes in shape and noise due to discretization errors. The method also allows one to choose the level of complexity in the objects to be reconstructed wh
Rapid anthropogenic climate change is already affecting species distributions and ecosystem functioning worldwide. We applied niche-based models to analyse the impact of climate change on tree species and functional diversity in Europe. Present-day climate was used to predict the distributions of 122 tree species from different functional types (FT). We then explored projections of future distribu
Soil C effluxes were measured at five forest stands with different vegetation and a meadow in southeastern Sweden (57¡5«N, 16¡7«E). Exponential regressions of soil respiration against air and soil temperatures were used to model soil respiration at forests stands. For the meadow, a light response curve with gross primary production (GPP) against PAR and a cubic regression with GPP against air temp
The controlling mechanisms and feedbacks between climate, the carbon and water cycling and vegetation in European ecosystems have attracted much attention in recent years but they are still not sufficiently understood. A better understanding of them is necessary to predict how they will be affected by climate change. Process-based models of ecosystem structure and functioning provide a tool to s
