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The world’s soils are the most significant terrestrial C store. They store at least twice the amount of carbon as the atmosphere. Peatlands are the most significant long-term soil C store, even though they only cover about 3% of the terrestrial land surface and thus play a vital role in the global C cycle. Iceland is an island in the North Atlantic characterised by high volcanic activity, with vol
This thesis investigates the profitability of converting microalgae into biofuel using hydrothermal liquefaction the goal is to produce 100 000 tons of bio-oil each year. It explores various microalgae species and cultivation methods, identifying Chlorella vulgaris with a rotating attached biofilter as the optimal choice due to its high biomass concentration, eliminating the need for dewatering an
Dockless bike-sharing is growing in many cities around the globe. At the same time issues related to this type of urban mobility such as illegal or improper parking behavior are becoming more frequent. The implementation of parking zones delineated by geofences has been discussed as a possible solution for these issues. This master thesis project aims to develop a GIS-based multi-criteria analysis
Anthropogenic climate change has increased the frequency of extreme drought events and leads to “hotter” droughts. Topography controls plant available water and site-specific climatic conditions. Drought sensitivity may therefore vary over short distances between wet and dry locations of the landscape. However, topography is rarely included as a factor in research investigating vegetation dynamics
PFAS is a group of long-lasting chemicals with multiple known toxicological effects which has been found everywhere in nature. One of the possible source points of PFAS is via landfill through leachate leaving the area. It is therefore important to investigate and implementing remediation techniques to reduce the contamination risk. This thesis focuses on two components, first a literature study w
The northern permafrost regions are experiencing a rapid warming as surface temperatures are rising, causing a disintegration of permafrost and a deepening of the active layer (AL). This releases previously frozen carbon, making it available for decomposition by microbes. The combination of the high microbial activity and overall wetter soils may cause anoxic conditions and in turn methane (CH4) a
The thesis aims to develop knowledge of the physics and thermodynamics behind a nonlinearity in an air cooling system for an plastic extruder machine. To accomplish this, both nonlinear and linearized models were set up in Matlab and Simulink environments based on the laws of physics and thermodynamics. Simulations were run to achieve and analyze step responses, and different PI control structures
Climate change and biodiversity loss are amongst the most pressing environmental issues internationally, with far-reaching impacts that place natural and semi-natural habitats at ever greater risk of degradation. My project explores the effects of land-use on plant biodiversity in semi-natural grazing lands using datasets covering Sweden’s southernmost region, Scania. Comparative analyses were pe
The emergence of artificial intelligence, especially machine-learning methods, challenges the set of legal guarantees put in place in Europe to combat discrimination and ensure equal treatment. This paper will focus on cases of algorithmic discrimination in the context of recruitment as a business practice. Particular in the field of recruitment of workers, which has always been a field where EU n
Warming trends have been associated with drought which induces and heightens agents and factors that cause tree mortality. Remotely sensed observations are increasingly being used in vegetation studies and are obtained from Earth observation satellites. Vegetation optical depth (VOD) is one such product and is obtained from the microwave domain, both passive and active. It measures the degree of a
Shared micro-mobility gradually becomes a crucial part of human daily transportation. To develop the shared micro-mobility, discovering the important influence factors of each travel mode is a key aspect. However, there are scarce studies that adopt machine learning methods to model travel choice between shared micro-mobility services and identify the crucial determinants for each mode. This study
The aim of the thesis is to investigate and implement an algorithm that can automate the porting of the layout from one technology node to another technology node. The layout optimization of any design block can be implemented for better performance. The primary task of the project is to develop a tool that can optimize and port the complete layout design that reduces the time and effort of manual
Three-dimensional (3D) city models are increasingly utilized among stakeholders of different sectors, particularly those dealing with building information. 3D city models are a three-dimensional digital representation of urban structures, most prominently buildings. They offer diverse applications and have gained wide acceptance as a support tool in planning practices. The push to achieve greater
Anthropogenic pressure on coastal areas continues to increase, thus intensifying coastal erosion. Coastal monitoring programs are therefore essential to prevent severe ecosystem and economic consequences. Successful coastal monitoring schemes require highly accurate analysis-ready Digital surface models (DSMs) derived using the same workflow. Using a Unmanned Aerial Vehicle – Structure from motion
Climate change and the sustainability challenges of the 21st century require the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in all sectors. Accordingly, political objectives urge for a shift from road to rail in logistics. This drives innovation, increased efficiency, and customer friendliness in the rail industry. These advancements are strongly needed as investments have been neglected in the past an
This study looks at factors contributing to LA-MRSA prevalence in Danish pig farms. LA-MRSA is a pathogenic bacteria that are resistant to methicillin (penicillin) and tetracycline antibiotics found in livestock such as pigs, poultry and cattle. By using logistic regression analysis, this study investigates which factors that might have increased the likelihood of having a positive LA-MRSA result
Radar’s ability to detect oil spills through clouds, fog, and darkness is a significant advantage. Oil spill alert services using radar satellites have been in use in Norway for more than 25 years. After introducing two radar satellites Sentinel-1A and 1B in 2015-2016, the number of oil spill alerts has increased by 250% in Norwegian waters. This increase does not track the slight decreasing trend
An interesting type of quasi-particles in solid-state materials are the so-called levitons. These are single- electron excitations above the Fermi-level that do not produce any hole states when carrying an integer multiple of the elementary charge. Levitons are produced when a quantum conductor is subjected to a time-dependent voltage pulse with a Lorentzian shape. The parameters of the voltage pu
The economic crisis in Greece resulted in a change in residential heating fuels utilized, which in turn resulted in a change of air quality over Greater Athens Area. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of economic crisis in air quality over Attica by examining the change in air pollutants’ concentrations before, during, and after the onset of the economic crisis in Greece and to a
This piece of work aims at gaining a better understanding of how cognitive and sensual experiences takes place when we interact within the social encounter processes of shared spaces. The structure of this thesis starts off with a theoretical review based on the aspects of social encounters divided into the following areas: affect theory, the ideal of sympathy, and situated multiplicity. These t
