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This paper presents a new type of geographical information system (GIS) for scientific planning of coastal waters. One hypothesis in the work is that the morphometry of the coast plays a significant role for how the water system functions as a receiving water system, for example, as a receiver of industrial and urban pollution and in response to various forms of aquaculture. A digital technique fo
Soil moisture (SM) is of paramount importance in irrigation scheduling, infiltration, runoff, and agricultural drought monitoring. This work aimed at evaluating the performance of the classical ANFIS (Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System) model as well as ANFIS coupled with three bio-inspired metaheuristic optimization methods including whale optimization algorithm (ANFIS-WOA), krill herd algorit
A characteristic of frozen ground is a tendency to form banded sequences of particle-free ice lenses separated by layers of ice-infiltrated soil, which produce frost heave. In permafrost, the deformation of the ground surface caused by segregated ice harms engineering facilities and has considerable influences on regional hydrology, ecology, and climate changes. For predicting the impacts of perma
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cytoreduction with hyperthermic intra-peritoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is a treatment with a high morbidity. Optimal patients selection can possible reduce toxicity and complications.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Complications and toxicity of 102 patients were studied. Toxicity was graded according National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria (NCI CTC) classification. A com
Arctic warming is affecting snow cover and soil hydrology, with consequences for carbon sequestration in tundra ecosystems. The scarcity of observations in the Arctic has limited our understanding of the impact of covarying environmental drivers on the carbon balance of tundra ecosystems. In this study, we address some of these uncertainties through a novel record of 119 site-years of summer data
Accurate and up-to-date land cover maps inform and support effective management and policy decisions. Describing phenological changes in spectral response using time-series data may help to distinguish vegetation types, thereby allowing for more specificity within vegetation classification. In this research, we test this by classifying indigenous forest vegetation in New Zealand, using PlanetScope
The relation of law and art is conventionally understood through a disciplinary divide that presents art as an instrument of legal practice and scholarship or, alternatively, presents law as potential context for artistic engagement. Moving beyond disciplinary definitions, in this article we explore how art and law, as modes of ordering and action in the world, often overlap in their respective de
Background: Obesity is a growing health issue. This study estimated the costs of obesity among people aged 25–84 years in Sweden using disease and non-disease specific attributable fractions from published data. A prognosis of costs of obesity in 2030 is presented. Methods and materials: Diseases related to obesity and their respective risks and population attributable fraction were retrieved by l
Radon (222Rn) gas is the largest source of public exposure to naturally occurring radioactivity and the identification of radon priority areas is required by the Council Directive 2013/59/Euratom. Radon is also used as a tracer to improve atmospheric transport models and to indirectly estimate greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes using the Radon Tracer Method (RTM). This method is based on the correlation
To the Editor: The study on oral-contraceptive use and the risk of breast cancer from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (Aug. 14 issue)1 seems to be reassuring for oral-contraceptive users. But, as stated in the editorial by Shapiro in the same issue,2 there are some weak points that need further elucidation. We have found a high
Aim: Plant functional groups are widely used in community ecology and earth system modelling to describe trait variation within and across plant communities. However, this approach rests on the assumption that functional groups explain a large proportion of trait variation among species. We test whether four commonly used plant functional groups represent variation in six ecologically important pl
The High Arctic region has experienced marked climate fluctuations within the past decades strongly affecting tundra shrub growth. However, the spatial variability in dwarf shrub growth responses in this remote region remains largely unknown. This study characterizes temperature sensitivity of radial growth of two willow dwarf shrub species from two distinct High Arctic sites. The dwarf shrub Sali
Water body extraction (WBE) has attracted considerable attention in the field of remote sensing image analysis. Herein, we present an enhanced deep convolutional encoder-decoder (DCED) network (or Deep U-Net) specifically tailored to WBE from remote sensing images by applying superpixel segmentation and conditional random fields (CRFs). First, we preclassify the entire remote sensing image into th
Using satellite remote sensing data for observing vegetation seasonality is an important approach to estimate phenology and carbon uptake of land vegetation. The successful launch of Sentinel-2B in 2017 initiated full operation of the Sentinel-2 twin satellites, and they now provide 10 - 60 m spatial resolution satellite data at 5 days temporal resolution worldwide, releasing approximately 3.2 TB
About one third of the food produced globally is wasted along the food chain, representing a burden for the environment and an inefficiency of the food system. Tackling food waste is a priority on the global political agenda to guarantee food security. Defining a methodology for food waste quantification is key to monitoring progress towards the achievement of reduction targets. This paper summari
Permafrost soils and arctic wetlands methane emissions represent an important challenge for modeling the future climate. Here we present a process-based model designed to correctly represent the main thermal, hydrological, and biogeochemical processes related to these emissions for general land surface modeling. We propose a new multilayer soil carbon and gas module within the Interaction Soil-Bio
Influence of the environmental thermodynamics on the microphysics of deep cumulus clouds over different parts of India is studied using in situ airborne observations from the Cloud Aerosol Interaction and Precipitation Enhancement EXperiment (CAIPEEX) during 2009. This study provides an understanding of the thermodynamics–microphysics relation over the Indian summer-monsoon region. Relatively stro
In this study, vegetation optical depth from ESA's Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite mission is combined with other existing remote sensing, meteorological and literature data in order to obtain values of gravimetric vegetation water content (Mg). The methodology combines an effective medium model valid at passive microwave frequencies with a vegetation dielectric constant model. T
Planktonic community respiration is an important carbon cycling process, typically quantified by converting measured values of dissolved O 2 consumption rates into CO 2
We show that the observer-backstepping technique applied to linear control object and combined with linear control system design gives rise to a non-standard composition of control object, observer and controller. The resultant system is characterized by a full-order observer and a reduced-order control system design which in its complexity does not go beyond the `relative degree' of the control o
