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This text contains an overview of the field of frost and salt-frost resistance of concrete. It consists of three parts: First, a summary of known phenomena of frost and salt frost deterioration of concrete, then a description of thermodynamics of ice formation in porous materials, and finally a description of proposed models and mechanisms of deterioration during frost and salt frost attack. The c
Iterative decoding methods allow efficient decoding of long codes that are composed of smaller component codes. As a result reliable communication can be achieved with low decoding complexity even for rates close to Shannon capacity. This makes iteratively decodable codes a very attractive object of study in modern coding theory. This thesis focuses on different kinds of cycles which appear in th
Popular Abstract in Swedish En avgörande skillnad mellan encelliga organismer såsom bakterier och multicellulära som oss själva är behovet av kommunikation och samarbete mellan cellerna. Redan under fosterstadiet måste cellerna meddela sig med varandra avseende var de skall ta vägen och vilka uppgifter var och en skall åta sig. Exempelvis måste en cell fortlöpande få information om huruvida den skThe pro-inflammatory effect of leukotrienes is an important element in the pathogenesis of multiple disorders, including asthma and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). A serious concern for IBD patients is the increased risk of developing colorectal cancer and since there seems to be a general connection between inflammation and cancer we hypothesised that LTD4 induced signalling events could be in
Popular Abstract in Swedish Det finns en rad situationer då celler, företrädesvis nervceller, i hjärnan dör till följd av en kraftigt begränsad eller helt förhindrad blodtillförsel sk. ischemi. Till dessa hör "Stroke" eller slaganfall. Skallskada, drunkningsolyckor eller hjärtstopp med återupplivning, och hypoglykemi vid insulinkoma är ytterligare några fall där energi- eller syrgastillförseln är Mechanisms of Mitochondria-Induced Brain Damage Following Ischemia and Hypoglycemia Following prolonged disruption of blood flow to the central nervous system (CNS), or energy deprivation by other means, such as hypoglycemia, some cells will inevitably degenerate. It has been, and still is, the subject of considerable debate and intense research on brain ischemia, as to the mode of cell death, i.
Resistance of Concrete to Chloride Ingress sets out current understanding of chloride transport mechanisms, test methods and prediction models. It describes basic mechanisms and theories, and classifies the commonly used parameters and their units which expressing chloride and its transport properties in concrete. Laboratory test methods and in-field applicable test methods, including precision re
Popular Abstract in Swedish Samhällets produktion av avfall är ett ständigt pågående problem. Tidigare metodik för att ta hand om avfallet genom att deponera det på soptippar håller på att förändras. Genom beslut inom EU har det kommit krav på sortering av avfallet vilket har lett till att hushållsavfall inte längre kommer att få deponeras. Ett sätt att ta hand om avfall är att förbränna avfallet Baling of MSW has been extensively used in Sweden and other countries for the storage of energy (biomass for energy) for incineration and production of either and or electricity and heat. Baling is performed in two principally different ways, leading to cylindrical- or rectangular bales. This work has focused on various parameters during the storage of MSW. The first parameters investigated were g
This thesis is concerned with theoretical studies of aqueous solutions and biomolecular systems. Part of the present work is to understand equilibrium solvent and solute properties, while the other part is to study processes that occur in these solutions. Three points were focused: (a) the study of structure and dynamics of 1M aqueous NaCl electrolyte solution at a molecular level, which revealed
This Master Thesis was done in collaboration with Nederman AB in Helsingborg and the aim was to analyse and develop a suggestion for a new modernized Powerbox which is one of Nedermans products in the auto workshop segment. The Powerbox is a product for sourcing of compressed air, vacuum suction and electric power. Nederman is a strong brand and considered a market leader in many of its areas. The
Financial Repression is increasingly recognized as a viable approach to address high and unsustainable debt levels. Despite its history dating back to the early-mid 1900s, the economic implications of Financial Repression have yet to be fully explored. This paper investigates the effects of Financial Repression, specifically the relationship between two key economic indicators: the exchange rate a
Värmeväxlare är system som ofta används i många olika tillämpningsområden så som kylning, uppvärmning, ventilation eller andra områden där man strävar efter att maximera värmeutbytet mellan fluider. Vanliga tillverkningsmetoder för värmeväxlare inkluderar hydraulisk pressning av värmeöverförande plattor, eller att på andra sätt skapa värmeöverförande ytor av rör, korrugerad plåt eller liknade mateHeat exchangers are systems commonly used in many different applications such as cooling, heating, ventilation, and other areas where maximizing the heat transfer between fluids is desirable. Common manufacturing techniques of heat exchangers include hydraulic pressing of heat-transferring plates, or otherwise creating a heat-transferring area of pipes, corrugated sheet metal, or similar materials
Because of urbanization, industrialization and the rapid population growth in Fujian, P.R.China, the inappropriate utilization and management of the Min River water resource stands out and becomes one of the important factors that restrict the economy and society of Fujian Province to develop. In this paper, characteristics and problems of the Min River water resource were illustrated, reasons whi
Today, a considerable portion of embedded systems, e.g., automotive and avionic, comprise several control applications. Guaranteeing the stability of these control applications in embedded systems, or cyber-physical systems, is perhaps the most fundamental requirement while implementing such applications. This is different from the classical hard real-time systems where often the acceptance criter
Carbon pricing has now been implemented as a key policy instrument for climate change mitigation in many countries globally. However, existing systems differ significantly in design with regard to stringency, coverage and the use of the revenues collected through the system. In this literature study, we synthesise existing knowledge of how key factors affect the adoption, implementation, and desig
Experimental near-edge x-ray-absorption fine-structure (NEXAFS) spectra of the nitrosonium NO+ ion are presented and theoretically analyzed. While neutral NO has an open shell, the cation is a closed-shell species, which for NEXAFS leads to the simplicity of a closed-shell spectrum. Compared to neutral NO, the electrons in the cation experience a stronger Coulomb potential, which introduces a shif
This paper examines how the concept ‘nature-positive’ as a means to enhance biodiversity is defined and used, viewed through the lens of power. Building on a three-dimensional conceptualization of power, we elaborate on i) how ‘nature-positive’ enters and remains on business and policy agendas, ii) different interpretations from both ecological and business perspectives, and iii) the governance of
Macrophages infiltrate solid tumors and either support survival or induce cancer cell death through phagocytosis or cytotoxicity. To uncover regulators of macrophage cytotoxicity towards cancer cells, we perform two co-culture CRISPR screens using CAR-macrophages targeting different tumor associated antigens. Both identify ATG9A as an important regulator of this cytotoxic activity. In vitro and in
