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AIM: To review and study the effect of lengthening along the anatomical axis of long bones and its relation to the mechanical axis deviation.METHODS: We try in this review to calculate and discuss the exact clinical impact of lengthening along the anatomical axis of the femur on affecting the limb alignment. Also we used a trigonometric formula to predict the change of the femoral distal anatomica
Fluorinated spheres with grafted poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) have been synthesized using a semi-batch emulsion polymerization in which the initiator is fed slowly to the reaction. In this way, PEG-grafted colloidal spheres can be fabricated with varying PEG chain length, different cores and varying degrees of crosslinking. The resulting batches have been characterized using disc centrifuge photose
The evolution of phenotypic plasticity requires a number of conditions. Selection of plasticity is favoured when the organism experience environmental change, costs are low and cues are reliable about the environmental heterogeneity. However, organisms living in stable environments, not showing constitutive traits but a large amount of plasticity, are predicted to demonstrate high rates of gene fl
High-ductility ductile iron was alloyed with 0-1.8wt% Ni in this paper. The low-temperature impact toughness test and corrosion test of simulated seawater static whole-soaking were conducted to research the effect of nickel on the low-temperature impact toughness and corrosion resistance of high-ductility ductile iron. The results show that with nickel increasing, the impact toughness under low te
Without evidence for an organic framework, biological and biochemical processes observed during amelogenesis provided limited information on how extracellular matrix proteins control the development of the complex fibrous architecture of human enamel. Over a decade ago, amelogenin nanoribbons were first observed from recombinant proteins during in vitro mineralization experiments in our laboratory
It is now well established that electrochemical systems can optimally perform only within a narrow range of temperature. Exposure to temperatures outside this range adversely affects the performance and lifetime of these systems. As a result, thermal management is an essential consideration during the design and operation of electrochemical equipment and, can heavily influence the success of elect
Several parameters and variables affect the production cost and the company competitiveness. The manufacturing part cost is directly influenced by factors related to tools, workpiece materials, equipment, personnel, automation, etc. These factors also have a significant influence on the manufacturing efficiency and performance. The presented model determines the production performance with respectSeveral parameters and variables affect the production cost and the company competitiveness. The manufacturing part cost is directly influenced by factors related to tools, workpiece materials, equipment, personnel, automation, etc. These factors also have a significant influence on the manufacturing efficiency and performance. The presented model determines the production performance with respect
Semiconductor nanowires (NWs) have a broad range of applications for nano-and optoelectronics. The strain field of gallium nitride (GaN) NWs could be significantly changed when contacts are applied to them to form a final device, especially considering the piezoelectric properties of GaN. Investigation of influence of the metallic contacts on the structure of the NWs is of high importance for thei
AIM: To describe the point prevalence of cerebral palsy (CP) and distribution of gross and fine motor function in individuals registered in a CP-North surveillance programme.METHOD: Aggregate data of individuals with CP aged 6 to 19 years, sex, CP subtype, and gross and fine motor function levels were collected from each programme. Overall and age-specific point prevalence of CP was calculated for
Nonlinear pulse post-compression, mainly enabled by self-phase modulation (SPM), opens new avenues towards high peak power laser pulses at high average power while bypassing the need for a gain medium with large bandwidth. However, SPM-induced spectral broadening typically introduces spectral amplitude modulations as well as a chirp of third and higher orders, limiting the temporal contrast of the
Smart cities are increasingly advocated by governments and the private sector as the primary means to deliver urban sustainability. Particularly in Europe and North America, the smart city is envisioned as a place where digital technologies are deployed to ‘solve’ urban sustainability problems. Such visions have been broadly cri- tiqued in the urban studies literature for reflecting techno-utopian
In antiferromagnetic spintronics, the read-out of the staggered magnetization or Néel vector is the key obstacle to harnessing the ultra-fast dynamics and stability of antiferromagnets for novel devices. Here, we demonstrate strong exchange coupling of Mn2Au, a unique metallic antiferromagnet that exhibits Néel spin-orbit torques, with thin ferromagnetic Permalloy layers. This allows us to benefit
Social networks are usually considered as positive sources of social support, a role which has been extensively studied in the context of domestic violence. To victims of abuse, social networks often provide initial emotional and practical help as well useful information ahead of formal institutions. Recently, however, attention has been paid to the negative responses of social networks. In this a
We establish quantitative results for the statistical behaviour of infinite systems. We consider two kinds of infinite system: i) a conservative dynamical system (f, X, µ) preserving a σ-finite measure µ such that µ(X) = ∞; ii) the case where µ is a probability measure but we consider the statistical behaviour of an observable φ: X → [0, ∞) which is non-integrable: R φ dµ = ∞. In the first part of
Breathlessness is common in the general population. Existing data were obtained primarily with the uni-dimensional modified Medical Research Council breathlessness scale (mMRC) that does not assess intensities of unpleasantness nor physical, emotional and affective dimensions. The aim of this research was to determine the prevalence and intensity of these dimensions of breathlessness in elderly ma
This article examines the diffusion of meritocratic practices as a potential instance of policy transfer by scrutinizing the introduction of open and competitive examinations during the mid-nineteenth century in the British Civil Service. Scholars have argued that British reformers were inspired by meritocratic practices in British-ruled India. In order to assess this claim, we combine qualitative
BACKGROUND: Participants' study satisfaction is important for both compliance with study protocols and retention, but research on parent study satisfaction is rare. This study sought to identify factors associated with parent study satisfaction in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study, a longitudinal, multinational (US, Finland, Germany, Sweden) study of children at
