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Where Is the Organization Looking in Order to Be Proactive about Safety? A Framework for Revealing whether It Is Mostly Looking Back, Also Looking Forward or Simply Looking Away

Despite the desire to utilize proactive safety metrics, research results indicate imbalances can arise between economic performance metrics and safety metrics. Imbalances can arise, first, because there are fewer proactive metrics available relative to the data an organization can compile to build reactive metrics. Second, there are a number of factors that lead organizations to discount proactive

Gender and Preferences in the Labor Market: Insights from Experiments

Despite increased female educational attainment and labor market participation, labor markets around the world remain characterized by vertical and horizontal gender segregation. This chapter reviews recent findings from the experimental economics literature that shed light on some of the causes of gender differences in labor market outcomes. First, it reviews the recent literature using incentivi

Boundary-Monte Carlo Method for Neutral and Charged Confined Fluids

In this work, we describe a new Monte Carlo (MC) simulation method to investigate highly coupled fluids in confined geometries at a constant chemical potential. This method is based on so-called multi-scale Hamiltonian methods, wherein the chemical potential is determined using a more amenable Hamiltonian for a fluid in an "outer"region, which facilitates standard methods, such as grand canonical

Artificial virtuous agents in a multi‐agent tragedy of the commons

Although virtue ethics has repeatedly been proposed as a suitable framework for the development of artificial moral agents (AMAs), it has been proven difficult to approach from a computational perspective. In this work, we present the first technical implementation of artificial virtuous agents (AVAs) in moral simulations. First, we review previous conceptual and technical work in artificial virtu

Human Rights and Victims’ Rights in Europe

This chapter focuses on the interface between international and European human rights efforts and on victims in a variety of contexts. It addresses minority rights, inasmuch as they continue to be violated with relative impunity in Europe, and concludes with some overall impressions and a list of issues not dealt with for reasons of space. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights served as an ins

Toward an Aesthetics by Algorithms—Palestinian Cyber and Digital Spaces at the Threshold of (In)visibility

This chapter explores how algorithms produce aesthetic forms and dystopian configurations across Palestinian cyber and digital spaces. Through surveillance and erasure, algorithms operate as infrastructures of (in)visibility across social media and digital maps. While serving the Israeli system of control by making Palestinian users and contents hyper-visible to surveillance, algorithms ultimately