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A novel approach to the control of a GDI engine is presented.Conventional control of car engines is normally based on extensive use of engine maps, i.e., matrix-based lookup tables that have been derived through extensive engine test bench experiments. This is an open loop approach which can be sensitive to engine-to-engine variations and variations due to aging and wear. In this paper it is shown
Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling presenterar resultat från experimentella studier av tensiders och enzymers beteenden vid modellytor. Ellipsometri var den i huvudsak använda tekniken i dessa undersökningar. Studier av tensidadsorption i statiska och dynamiska vätningssituationer initierades för att undersöka adsorptionsbeteenden i närheten av trefaslinjen under dynamisk vätning. I falThis thesis presents results from experimental studies of the interfacial behaviour of surfactants and enzymes at model surfaces. The main technique used throughout the work was ellipsometry. Studies of surfactant adsorption in static and dynamic wetting situations were performed to investigate adsorption behaviour close to the three-phase contact line (tpl) during dynamic wetting. It was demonst
We report the results of two newspaper reading experiments. We examine how readersÕ eye movements are affected by graphical elements such as photos and information graphics. Control variables in these experiments include size and content of photos, and spatial structure of information graphics. We hypothesized that large photo size and animate photo content would be associated with a local increas
The purpose of this paper is to empirically explore two dimensions of the firm hierarchy of international market-specific linkages using data for Swedish manufacturing firms over the 1997 to 2007 period. First, we investigate the productivity ordering with respect to importing, exporting and investing abroad. Second, we investigate the productivity ordering with respect to linkage complexity (i.e.
Bullied into it: Bullying, Power and the Conduct of Conduct takes issue with the way in which the relations between school bullying and power have commonly been understood. Drawing on long-term ethnographic fieldwork conducted in two schools in the northern Vietnamese port city of Haiphong, the book contextually situates the bullying that occurs within the disciplinary framework of the school an
Popular Abstract in Swedish Med magnetkamera (magnetresonans, MR) kan utmärkt morfologisk information erhållas men tekniken är även användbar för funktionella studier. En funktionell tillämpning är att mäta perfusion (kapillära blodflöden). Perfusionsrelaterad information kan åskådliggöras på flera sätt med MR, ofta via signalförändringar orsakade av spårämnen eller kontrastmedel i blodet. Den teThe studies presented in this thesis concern the optimisation and evaluation of the dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging (DSC-MRI) technique for the assessment of perfusion-related parameters of the brain, such as cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV) and mean transit time (MTT). Several methodological factors influence these measurements, for example, contra
Theoretical calculations concerning the advanced understanding of atomic structure and transitions has been performed for some atomic systems. The importance of different types of correlation depending on system has been investigated both using relativistic and non-relativistic quantum mechanics. Methods for simplifying the analysis of special types of spectra is presented and transition rates and
The steady and pulsative turbulent flows in curved pipes have been computed with two different modeling approaches; the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) technique and Large Eddy Simulations (LES). The results from computations of the flow in a single bended pipe have been compared to experimental data. The comparisons show poor agreement for the RANS technique at the exit of the bend, while
This paper describes the beliefs and practices of the 911 truth movement, who believe that the World Trade Center collapse was caused by a "controlled demolition" and not by the hijacked airplanes. They try to expose the lie of the "official conpsiracy theory" of hijackings. The "truthers" have a coherent belief system, virtual communities and demonstrations, and enemies such as the mainstream med
Recent development in the advanced ceramic fuel cell (CFC), working at intermediate temperature 600-700
Popular Abstract in Swedish Aerosolpartiklar i atmosfären har på senare år fått allt större betydelse i debatten om det globala klimatet och dess förändringar. Medan ökningen av växthusgaser bidrar till att medeltemperaturen på jorden ökar, är teorierna de motsatta vad gäller aerosolpartiklarna. Genom att med sin blotta existens direkt sprida det inkommande solljuset och utöver detta även agera såAtmospheric aerosol particles are believed to have an impact on the radiative forcing of the earth's surface. The predicted results indicate a net cooling effect on the global climate, however there are few studies available to substantiate this and experimental data are needed. This work deals with the collection and the analysis of aerosol particles in various environments, specifically in the
This thesis is based on results concerning the formation of semiconductor self-assembled quantum dots. The quantum dots have been grown by metal organic vapour phase epitaxy in the Stranski-Krastanow growth mode. This growth mode is based on a strain-induced transition from two-dimensional layer-by-layer growth towards three-dimensional island growth. The resulting morphology consists of coherent,
Popular Abstract in Swedish Sår som inte läker utgör ett betydande problem för dem som drabbas och för sjukvården i stort. Utebliven eller defekt läkning är ofta ett led i en bakomliggande sjukdom som exempelvis diabetes, förlamningstillstånd eller olika bindvävs- och kärlsjukdomar. Förutom en mycket stor ekonomisk belastning för sjukvården, så innebär det ett stort fysiskt och psykiskt lidande föBackground: A large number of different wound coverings have been used in order to improve the wound microenvironment, and thus accelerate repair. Since almost two centuries, clinicians and researchers have developed techniques for skin transplantation. In the past several decades, growth factors have been used as tools for accelerating and modifying skin wound repair. The experimental work in thi
Models for materials with nonlinear electromagnetic response are examined. Three simple physical causes for nonlinear behavior are presented: electronic polarization, molecular direction and electrostriction. Some introductory results and approximations for nonlinear, dispersive media are given, such as the phase-matching criterion, Miller's rule, the Born approximation and the slowly varying ampl
Popular Abstract in Swedish Kärleksdofter och varningsljud i bekämpning av nattfjärilar Jag har studerat hur populationer av skadegörande nattfjärilar kan bekämpas med miljövänliga metoder där djurens egna sinnessystem manipuleras. Liksom många andra insekter kommunicerar nattfjärilar med artspecifika doftsignaler (feromoner) vid parning. Honan avger doften i enstaka nanogram (miljarddels gram!) The impact of olfactory and auditory cues on the mating behaviour in two species of moths, Agrotis segetum (Noctuidae) and Plodia interpunctella (Pyralidae), was investigated to evaluate their potential use in integrated pest management. The flight behaviour of male A. segetum under natural and pheromone-based mating disruption conditions was monitored by harmonic radar. Individual males were equi
Popular Abstract in Swedish Papillomvirus infekterar ett brett spektrum av ryggradsdjur, såsom människa, olika ap-arter, ko, älg, elefant, ren och bofink. Dessa virus kan ge så vitt skilda symptom som cancer och vårtor. De indelas efter vilken art de infekterar, och inom arterna efter skillnad i DNA-sekvens mellan olika isolat (typer). Hittills har 92 humana papillomvirus (HPV) typer beskrivits, oPapillomaviruses are a diverse, epitheliotropic group of viruses. Some genotypes are the main cause of anogenital cancer in humans; others can induce skin lesions. In order to investigate the occurrence of subclinical skin infections with human papillomavirus (HPV), a pair of degenerate primers (FAP59/64) was designed. Moist cotton-tipped swabs were used as a gentle method of sample collection. Di
New calorimetric methods for direct measurement of solubility and solvent activity are presented. The classical role of calorimetry for measurements of enthalpic parameters is abandoned and the technique is instead used for assessing thermodynamic quantities related to the chemical potential of a substance in a solution. Isothermal calorimetry is here employed as a general analytical method where
