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The article analyses policy contingencies and welfare conditionalityof school allowances in Swedish upper-secondaryeducation. In contrast to most countries' use of positiveincentives toward school attendance through added cashbenefitsfor targeted students, Sweden employs sanctionson a universal study allowance that in essence constitutesan age-extension of the universal child benefit. We analysere
Paper 1The problem in which a flexible structure interacts with an acoustic fluid is analysed by use of the finite element method. With increasing complexity of the geometry and when increasing the frequency limit is of interest, the number of degrees of freedom needed to describe the system becomes very large. To reduce the coupled system, modal analysis is performed in the structural and in the
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The NSP15 endoribonuclease enzyme, known as NendoU, is highly conserved and plays a critical role in the ability of the virus to evade the immune system. NendoU is a promising target for the development of new antiviral drugs. However, the complexity of the enzyme's structure
BACKGROUND: Current models of levodopa (L-dopa)-induced dyskinesia (LID) are obtained by treating dopamine-depleted animals with L-dopa. However, patients with LID receive combination therapies that often include dopamine agonists.OBJECTIVE: Using 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats as a model, we aimed to establish whether an adjunct treatment with the D2/3 agonist ropinirole impacts on patterns of L
IMPORTANCE: The incidence of diabetes in childhood has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Elucidating whether SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with islet autoimmunity, which precedes type 1 diabetes onset, is relevant to disease etiology and future childhood diabetes trends.OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is a temporal relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of i
The effects of global warming are apparent and the work towards a sustainable future is underway. In order to reduce the environmental impact caused by the transportation sector, a transition from fossil fuels to those based on renewable resources are important. Using agricultural land to produce raw materials, e.g. wheat or corn, for biofuel is controversial as it competes with food production. F
Investments are essential to any economy. Therefore, governments aim to increase the level of total investments done within a country. Investments improve the economy and the productivity of the country. For this reason, it is important to understand which factors can influence investments on a national scale. The primary aim of this study is to investigate factors that could reasonably be exp
Today we depend on data based services, for example in logistics, at warehouses, and accounting services. When a data based service is delayed it can depend on its servers being overloaded, leading to economic losses. To prevent this, it is necessary to have appropriate monitoring tools that can make the system administrators aware of when performance thresholds have been breached and servers are
The goal and ambition of this thesis has been to investigate a topic that could lead to a possible solution to the environmental crisis we are witnesses of. Replacement of fossil fuels is an essential step towards a renewable society that needs to be taken. This thesis will investigate one of those possible solutions, production of a biofuel from a renewable source. A large amount of research with
Attosecond pulses obtained via high harmonic generation often suffer from chromatic aberration. This is inherent from the generation process as a consequence of the spatial profile of the driving laser pulses. Consequently, the focus positions and divergences of consecutive harmonics vary, leading to chromatic aberration which prevents high-quality refocusing as is critically required for applicat
Several findings show that dark matter makes up 27% of the universe. The goals of this thesis are to understand some of the most important evidences and candidates for dark matter, as well as how dark matter is searched for. The ATLAS and LDMX experiments are reviewed to give a greater insight into the search for dark matter. Two papers from ATLAS are studied more carefully and the data from these
During the last decades, extreme poverty has been declining globally while income inequality within countries has, in the developing world, been increasing. While the reduction of income inequality and poverty can be seen as crucial targets for development intrinsically, they might also have economic impacts. Existing empirical research and theory suggest that income distribution affects economic
While perovskite solar cells have become increasingly more efficient and popular, electrical characterisation of the semiconductor properties of perovskites has been limited due to the instability of the material. In this work, multiple approaches for creating such electrical test structures from perovskites are discussed. The chemical processing limitations for perovskites are laid out and common
Diabetes is a disease that is affecting more than 422 million people worldwide. Thiazolidinedinone (TZD) an insulin sensitizer is a drug used for diabetes type 2. It was first thought that the effect of TZD was through the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR- γ). Recently the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier complex (MPC) that can be found in the mitochondrial inn
In the last 30 years, a new mobile communications generation has been developed every 7 to 10 years. The last one that is currently under development is the Fifth Generation. This generation aims to fulfill a wide range of requirements for different use cases. To that end, a new radio access technology called New Radio (NR) has been developed. The main design principle behind NR is to allow enoug
Liposomes are closed spherical bilayered membrane structures in aqueous solutions, with an internal aqueous compartment entrapped by either a single or multiple concentric lipid bilayer(s). They can be used as a tool in research to mimic simple cell membranes, to study e.g. lipid-protein interactions, as well as they are extensively used as carriers of various molecules, especially for tumor targe
Multiple modern methods of statistical feature extraction and machine learning are applied to classification of encoding and retrieval of episodic memories using electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings. Raw data, different time-frequency methods, and multiclass common spatial patterns are used for statistical feature extraction. For each type of feature extraction multiple machine learning algorithm
Commutation Failures in LCC HVDC converters is a topic that is normally addressed from the component perspective, looking at converters’ internal signals. How these commutation failures affect the outer AC network is not deeply understood yet. This thesis will provide proof of how commutation failures causes abnormal behavior in the AC network, and how PMU data can be used in order to distinguish
