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A unifying hypothesis is presented about tumour biology in hereditary breast cancer in relation to the epithelial origin and the degree of differentiation of the normal epithelium at the time of tumour initiation. By using different breast cancer syndromes as examples, it is possible to, at least partly, predict the tumour biology, clinical presentation and therapeutic response.
The overall tumour incidence and breast cancer incidence related to hormone replacement therapy (HRT) were followed in a population-based cohort of 29 508 women, aged 25-65 when interviewed in 1990-92. By the end of the follow up in December 1999, there were 226 611 person-years of observation. A total of 1145 malignant tumours were recorded (expected 1166.6; SIR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.93-1.04). There w
Hidden Markov models are often used to model daily returns and to infer the hidden state of financial markets. Previous studies have found that the estimated models change over time, but the implications of the time-varying behavior have not been thoroughly examined. This paper presents an adaptive estimation approach that allows for the parameters of the estimated models to be time varying. It is
The atmospheric chemistry of two C 4H 8O 2 isomers (methyl propionate and ethyl acetate) was investigated. With relative rate techniques in 980 mbar of air at 293 K the following rate constants were determined: k(C 2H 5C(O)OCH 3 + Cl) = (1.57 ± 0.23) × 10 -11, k(C 2H 5C(O) OCH 3 + OH) = (9.25 ± 1.27) × 10 -13, k(CH 3C(O)OC 2H 5 + Cl) = (1.76 ± 0.22) × 10 -11, and k(CH 3C(O)OC 2H 5 + OH) = (1.54 ±
Background: It remains unclear whether the increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) associated with obesity differs by gender, distribution of fat, tumour location and clinical (TNM) stage. The primary aim of this study was to examine these associations in 584 incident colorectal cancer cases from a Swedish prospective population-based cohort including 28098 men and women. Methods: Seven anthropo
Objective There is uncertainty about the direction and magnitude of the associations between parity, breastfeeding and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). We examined the separate and combined associations of parity and breastfeeding practices with the incidence of CHD later in life among women in a large, pan-European cohort study. Methods Data were used from European Prospective Investigat
In connection to an environmental investigation of a former industrial site, the cretaceous sandy limestone bedrock in the surrounding area were mapped with resistivity and time domain induced polarization (DCIP). The aim of the DCIP survey was to delineate geological units and possible preferential pathways of DNAPL contaminated groundwater. Although IP anomalies corresponding to fractured crysta
Recently, Burger et al. (2011) developed a new 1-D SST model which allows for more realistic predictions of the sludge settling behaviour than traditional 1-D models used to date. However, the addition of a compression function in this new 1-D model complicates the model calibration. This study aims to report advances in the calibration of this novel 1-D model. Data of the evolution of the sludge
Approaches to determining the factuality of diagnoses and findings in clinical text tend to rely on dictionaries of marker words for uncertainty and negation. Here, a method for semi-automatically expanding a dictionary of marker words using distributional semantics is presented and evaluated. It is shown that ranking candidates for inclusion according to their proximity to cluster centroids of se
The 65 kDa isoform of human glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65) is a major autoantigen in type 1 diabetes (T1D). In the present study, we have developed a sensitive sandwich time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay (TRFIA) for the quantification of GAD65 in cell extracts, cell media and serum. The monoclonal antibody GAD-6 is used to selectively capture GAD65 but not the slightly larger isoform GAD67, a
This paper focuses on the on-going doctoral research of the writer. Specifically, the topic of this article is on the methodology, the theoretical approach and the first steps of the research. The general aim is the contribution of 3D documentation and the 3D digital approach to the stylistic and typological study of archaeological collections. The study is applied to the collection of the Ayia Ir
We develop an agent-based model in which heterogeneous and boundedly rational agents interact by trading a risky asset at an endogenously set price. Agents are endowed with balance sheets comprising the risky asset as well as cash on the asset side and equity capital as well as debt on the liabilities side. A number of findings emerge when simulating the model: we find that the empirically observa
In 2013 Hedmark University College conducted a research project where students from a game development project/study program developed and tested a Pervasive Game for learning as part of a class in System Thinking. The overall game goal was to teach Sustainability through System Thinking, and to give the students a real world experience with their game;. It was tested on 5th and 7th graders in ele
This study explores an apparently paradoxical finding in farming and fishing: low economic returns, but a high rate of occupational transmission across generations of farmers and fishers. Using a sibling model containing 11,924 children of Swedish farmers and fishers in 2012, we estimate that farmers' sons who became farmers received 28 per cent lower income than same-sex siblings with a career ou
Cardiac arrest (CA) survivors may experience cognitive, physical, or emotional problems that can affect their return to everyday activities and quality of life. To improve longterm outcomes, interventions after hospital discharge may be needed. A follow-up plan to identify CA survivors with increased risk of residual cognitive, physical, or emotional problems is important to target interventions a
Aim: Migrating birds transport their parasites, often over long distances, but little is known about the transfer of these parasites to resident hosts in either the wintering or breeding ranges of the migratory host populations. We investigated the haemosporidian parasite faunas of migratory and resident birds to determine connections among distant parasite faunas, plausibly brought about by migra
