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The electronics in the automotive industry is facing a new era where safety critical functions are electrified, as for example drive-by-wire technology. At the same time as the number of electrical loads in the vehicles is increasing, the time to market is decreasing. Full scale prototypes of a vehicle are often only available at a late stage in the development process where changes are rather cos

Popular Abstract in Swedish Summary in swedish Perinatal dödlighet bland invandrare från Afrikas Horn. Vikten av erfarenhet, rationellt tänkande och traditioner vid riskbedömning av gravida invandrarkvinnor. Avhandlingen visar att barn till kvinnor i invandrargrupper från Afrika söder om Sahara (majoriteten från Somalia och Etiopien), har högre perinatal dödlighet jämfört med barn till svenska kThis thesis is an exploration of the possible effects of maternal country of origin on the risk of perinatal mortality (PNM). Increased risk of PNM was found among infants of foreign-born women delivering in a Swedish hospital between 1990-1995. After adjustment for risk factors, however, the finding only held true for a subgroup of women from Ethiopia and Somalia (ES). In searching for the mecha

Popular Abstract in Swedish BLY I BLOD. ICP-MS-studier av bly i plasma, blod och erythrocyt-proteiner De flesta studier som har gjorts av blys giftighet är grundade på blyhalten i blod, och man vet idag mycket om vilka halter som är förknippade med olika skador. Cirka 99% av blyet i blod finns i de röda blodkropparna, medan plasma vanligen innehåller mindre än 1%. Man har länge trott att anledninAn inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method for the determination of lead in blood plasma has been developed. The detection limit was below 0.1 microgram/liter, and the precision 5%. There was no significant difference between levels in plasma and serum. Studies of individuals with varying lead exposure showed that in the general population the plasma concentrations were less t

Popular Abstract in Swedish Immunförsvaret är uppdelat i primära och sekundära lymfoida organ (inkl. lymfkörtlar). De primära och sekundära organen är sammanknutna av blod- och lymfcirkulationen som transporterar immunceller till olika organ och vävnader i kroppen. I de primära organen bildas immunförsvarsceller, bl a T celler. T celler försvarar kroppen vid en infektion, antingen indirekt genom Lymphocytes are important mediators of adaptive immune responses. Naive T lymphocytes circulate in the blood and lymph between different secondary lymphoid organs in search for their specific antigen. Upon activation, lymphocytes change their expression of adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors and become able to enter non-lymphoid tissues where they take part in fighting infections. Selective

The innovation process is a challenge for companies trying to achieve better outcomes through new ideas or products. The related literature discusses the importance of innovation as a learning process, underlined by a design perspective. Supported by design, the innovation process combines multidisciplinary aspects of creativity and dynamism, mainly for end-user oriented industries. For other indu

Although the field of polarity is well researched, this monograph offers a new take on polarity sensitivity that both challenges and incorporates previous theories. Based primarily on Swedish data, it presents new solutions to long-standing problems, such as the non-complementary distribution of NPIs and PPIs in yes/no-questions and conditionals, long distance licensing by superordinate elements a

The English philosopher Richard M. Hare - one of the leading moral philosophers of the twentieth century - develops in his most recent major work an ingenious theory of moral reasoning. He maintains that there are rules of fundamental moral thinking which are determined by the concepts involved in moral thinking. Moreover, he argues that the evaluative conclusions reached by taking facts into acco

In this paper two simplified transform based estimators for MIMO OFDM systems using the DFT and an SVD based transform are compared over a tapped delay line channel model. In the resulting symbol error rate plots, it is seen that the DFT based estimator experiences an error floor caused by the mismatch between the discrete time model and a continuous time reality. This error floor becomes a proble

The Soviet era had come to an end and by 2002 a new idea of Europe was emerging which would see the enlargement of the European Union. The period called ‘transition’ was relegated to history. It denoted the transition of the Baltic and Central European states from the Warsaw Pact and the Soviet bloc to NATO and the European Union. Originally, transition was a concept used only to denote that the f

From its early days, the academic debate on public goods has focused on discrepancies or trade-offs regarding the provision of public goods on the one hand and private goods on the other. However, both the extension of the public domain and an increasing interdependence in international relations clearly drive the expansion of an agenda in which there are a growing number of cases where public goo

The European Union has initiated a number of initiatives to improve resource efficiency in Europe. The Ecodesign Directive is one of the policy instruments that could aid the transition towards a more resource efficient economy. So far, the Directive has mainly been applied to set requirements related to energy efficiency, but there is potential for setting legal standards that increase product du