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Gymnasie- och universitetsutbildning var länge en elitens domän. Med ekonomisk tillväxt och ökande teknisk komplexitet växte dock behovet av specialiserad kunskap och färdigheter. Inför och under industrialiseringen tog systemen för högre utbildning emot ett ökande antal studenter och breddades med ett växande utbud av kurser och typer av utbildningsinstitutioner.Danmark, Norge och Sverige utgör rHigh school and university-level education was long an elite pursuit. However, with economic growth and rising technical complexity, the need for specialised knowledge and skills increased. In the run-up to and during industrialisation, higher education systems admitted a growing number of students and diversified across an increasing range of courses and types of educational institutions.Denmark,

Climate change is causing an intensification of soil drying and rewetting events, altering microbial functioning and potentially destabilizing soil organic carbon. After rewetting, changes in microbial community carbon use efficiency (CUE), investment in life history strategies, and fungal to bacterial dominance co-occur. Still, we have yet to generalize what drives these dynamic responses. Here,

Th e performance of a mean field th eory (MFT) neu ralnetwork technique for finding approximate solutions to optimi zationproblems is invest igat ed for the case of th e minimum cut graph bisection problem, which is NP- complete. We address the issues of solut ionquality, programming complexity, convergence tim es and scala bility.Both standard random gr aphs an d mor e st ruct ured geomet ric gra

Aim: Technology affects almost all aspects of modern eldercare. Ensuring ethical decision-making is essential as eldercare becomes more digital; each decision affects a patient’s life, self-esteem, health and wellness. Methods: We conducted a survey and interviews with eldercare professionals to better understand the behavioural ethics and decision making involved in the digital transition of elde

Commercial small-scale fisheries along the Baltic Sea coasts have declined over the years although these fisheries are viewed as important for coastal development and food security at the local, national, and EU levels. The viability and future of small-scale fisheries are severely challenged by problems caused by grey seals. The conflict, occurring between Baltic Sea coastal fisheries and conserv

The future buildings and society need to be resilient. This article aims to propose a novel concept of the energy resilience framework and implement a color-based rating system to quantify and rate the energy resilience performance of buildings in Nordic climates. The objective is to conduct a comparative analysis between old (1970s) and new (2020s) single-family buildings integrated with renewabl

The band offsets of semiconductor heterojunctions are critical parameters for the design of electronic and optoelectronic devices. In this work, we report the fabrication of a Co3O4/3C-SiC p-n heterojunction and the determination of the conduction band and valence band offsets at the Co3O4/3C-SiC heterojunction. Our results reveal that the Co3O4/3C-SiC p-n heterojunction exhibits a type-II band al

Crystallization-induced stress within confined spaces of porous materials presents significant challenges across various disciplines, including conservation science, geomorphology, geotechnical engineering, and concrete durability. Despite its significance, understanding how localized, transient, and anisotropic stress is generated in pores due to salt crystallization, along with its mechanisms of

The development of replacing human organs with those from genetically modified pigs holds immense potential for alleviating the shortage of organs necessary for patients in need of transplants. This medical advancement is also accompanied by significant social changes, including the emergence of a bioeconomy, new modes of biotechnology governance, altered human-animal relations and increased publi

The blockade of the CD40/CD40L immune checkpoint is considered essential for cardiac xenotransplantation. However, it is still unclear which single antibody directed against CD40 or CD40L (CD154), or which combination of antibodies, is better at preventing organ rejection. For example, the high doses of antibody administered in previous experiments might not be feasible for the treatment of humans

One of the most pressing questions we face as biologists is to understand how climate change will affect the evolutionary dynamics of natural populations and how these dynamics will in turn affect population recovery. Increasing evidence shows that sexual selection favors population viability and local adaptation. However, sexual selection can also foster sexual conflict and drive the evolution of

DNA-binding proteins play an important role in gene regulation and cellular function. The transcription factors MarA and Rob are two homologous members of the AraC/XylS family that regulate multidrug resistance. They share a common DNA-binding domain, and Rob possesses an additional C-terminal domain that permits binding of low-molecular weight effectors. Both proteins possess two helix-turn-helix

Metal ions are both ubiquitous to and crucial in biology. In classical simulations, they are typically described as simple van der Waals spheres, making it difficult to provide reliable force field descriptions for them. An alternative is given by nonbonded dummy models, in which the central metal atom is surrounded by dummy particles that each carry a partial charge. While such dummy models alrea

The regulation of irregular migration in EU law operates in a web of other instruments which exclude or make it extremely difficult for non-EU migrants to reach EU territory. The relevant legal area is characterised by and criticised for its security-based approach, the dehumanization of migrants and the continuous failure to uphold human rights. These complicated characteristics of EU migration l

In Comfort Women of the Japanese Empire: Colonial Rule and the Battle over Memory, Park Yuha offers a provocative reassessment of the ‘comfort women’ issue – first proposed over a decade ago in the Korean version of this book. Situated at the heart of one of the most contentious debates in East Asian historiography, the book examines the enduring legacies of Japan’s colonial rule and its impact on

Aims: Men are more likely to suffer a myocardial infarction than women, but population-based studies on sex differences in imaging-detected atherosclerosis are lacking. The aims were to assess sex differences in the prevalence of imaging-detected coronary and carotid atherosclerosis, as well as multivariable adjusted associations between sex and atherosclerosis. Methods and results: Participants a