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The effect of changing the block lengths of triblock copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide) -polystyrene -poly(ethylene oxide) on the relative viscosity of AOT oil-continuous microemulsions, with cyclohexane as the oil, was investigated. Five different microemulsion compositions were used to have (a) a series of increasing droplet concentration at constant droplet size and (b) a series with increasing
Abstract The contribution of biofilm and artificial feeds for the growth of the pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis reared in tanks and net cages were evaluated by using stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) analysis. In the net cage experiment, mass balance and mixing equations showed that the biofilm contribution to shrimp growth was over 49% of carbon and 70% of nitrogen. These data suggest that the
Background. Antibiotic utilisation varies profoundly among and within countries, and the extent of antibiotic utilisation correlates with the frequency of bacterial resistance, particularly among children. Hence, it is important to assess which factors may influence prescribing. In addition to variations in morbidity, health-care organisation, drug regulatory and supply systems, prescriber's attit
Aims Many patients with sinus node disease or atrioventricular block have previously received pacemakers with only ventricular stimulation (VVI or VVIR). This study aimed to investigate whether quality of life and cardiac function were affected by an upgrade to dual chamber pacing (DDDR or DDIR) following long-term ventricular stimulation. Methods After implantation of an atrial lead and a DDDR pu
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Background and purpose: Several selective oestrogen receptor modulators ( SERMs) with oestrogen agonist effects in bone cells and without increased risk of breast and endometrial cancer have been developed. Here, we have investigated the effects of different types of SERMs on osteoclast differentiation, bone resorption and apoptosis in vitro. Experimental approach: Human peripheral blood- derived
BACKGROUND: The mechanism behind the antiviral action of interferon (IFN) therapy in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is not well understood, and, furthermore, few factors have been shown to be good predictors of a favourable response to IFN treatment in chronic HCV infection. METHODS: Freshly explanted liver cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 80 patients with chroni
Background: Existing studies of solid cancers in rheumatoid arthritis ( RA) reflect cancer morbidity up until the early 1990s in prevalent cohorts admitted to hospital during the 1980s. Objective: To depict the cancer pattern of contemporary patients with RA, from updated risk data from prevalent and incident RA populations. To understand the risk of solid cancer after tumour necrosis factor (TNF)
We report the weight, stature, body mass index (BMI), and muscular strength of men about 19 years old who have cleft lip, either with or without cleft palate (CLP), or cleft palate only (CP). Data were obtained from the Swedish National Service enrolment register for the years 1991 - 97, and concerned 335 men with CLP and 88 with CP, who were compared with a control group of 272 879 men. The data
Quarterly data for the period 1960: 1 to 1997: 2, conventional tests, a bootstrap simulation approach and a multivariate Rao's F-test have been used to investigate if the causality between government spending and revenue in Finland was changed at the beginning of 1990 due to future plans to create the European Monetary Union (EMU). The results indicate that during the period before 1990, the gover
1. The interactions between sympathetic neuroeffector transmission and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were investigated in segments of rat isolated tail artery. 2. Contractile responses to field stimulation of the artery segments were abolished by tetrodotoxin (3 x 10(-7) M). A subthreshold concentration of acutely applied exogenous 5-HT (10(-8) M) markedly enhanced the contractions induced by sympath
A simplified model of the Hartree-Fock Bogoliubov (HFB) equation with surface-type or volume-type pairing is solved in coordinate space with the correct asymptotic boundary conditions. By using the resulting HFB wavefunctions, the low-energy quadrupole (L = 2) response function is studied for the system with weakly bound s and d neutrons. As the binding energy of the neutrons becomes small or appr
OBJECTIVE: To explore conceptions of obstetric emergency care among traditional birth attendants in rural Guatemala, elucidating social and cultural factors. STUDY: design Qualitative in-depth interview study. SETTING: Rural Guatemala. SAMPLE: Thirteen traditional birth attendants from 11 villages around San Miguel Ixtahuacán, Guatemala. METHOD: Interviews with semi-structured, thematic, open-ende
Nigella damascena seeds were extracted by cold press, in a Soxhlet apparatus and with CO2 The yield obtained with liquid CO2 was only 10.57%. EtOH (1%) increased the yield by 50%. CO2-extracts were separated into the 2 fractions. The yield in the first fraction increased 2 times by increasing the pressure from 150 to 350 bar. EtOH (1%) increased the yield 2 times at 150 bar. Linoleic acid was the
The effect of long-term ethanol exposure on muscarinic receptors was investigated in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Exposure to 100 mM ethanol for 4 days enhanced both peak and steady-state levels of carbachol-stimulated inositol 1,4,5-bisphosphate increase. An ethanol concentration of 50 mM was sufficient for an enhancement of this event. The carbachol-stimulated decrease in [3H]inositol-labe
High spectral resolution (0.004 cm(-1)) infrared solar absorption measurements Of CO, C2H6, and HCN have been recorded with the Fourier transform spectrometer located at the Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change complementary station at the University of Wollongong, Australia (34.45 degreesS, 150.88 degreesE, 30 m above sea level). The time series covers March 1997 to February 1998. Pr
The efficacy of a short (Group I) and a prolonged (Group II) course with ciprofloxacin was assessed in patients undergoing transurethral prostatic resection for benign hyperplasia or cancer of the prostate and compared with that of controls without antibiotic (Group III). Both regiments significantly reduced the frequency of postoperative bacteriuria (p less than 0.01) and of severe infectious com
Lichens, a form of symbiosis between a fungal and a photosynthetic partner, are believed to be a group that evolved early in the history of terrestrial life. As a consequence, they probably experienced higher ultraviolet (UV) radiation fluxes than at present. However, in the last two decades, due to the depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer, increasing levels of ultraviolet-B radiation (280-3
