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OBJECTIVE—To assess the 12- and 52-week efficacy of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor LAF237 versus placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes continuing metformin treatment. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We conducted a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 107 patients with type 2 diabetes with a 40-week extension in those completing the core study and agreeing, together
Myosin light-chain phosphorylation is the primary mechanism for activating smooth-muscle contraction and occurs principally at Ser-19 of the 20 kDa light chains of myosin (LC(20)). In some circumstances, Thr-18 phosphorylation may also occur. Protein kinase C (PKC) can regulate LC(20) phosphorylation indirectly via signalling pathways leading to inhibition of myosin light-chain phosphatase. The go
Extracellular nucleotides such as ATP and UTP are released by activation of platelets and ischemic tissue injury. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether ATP and UTP can induce acute tPA release from the vascular endothelium in vivo. Nine healthy subjects were studied in a perfused-forearm model during stepwise intraarterial infusions of ATP and UTP (10-200 nmol/min), and UTP durin
The interaction of blood coagulation factor X and its Gla-containing fragments with negatively charged phospholipid membranes composed of 25 mol% phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) and 75 mol% phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) was studied by surface plasmon resonance. The binding to 100 mol% PtdCho membranes was negligible. The calcium dependence in the membrane binding was evaluated for intact bovine factor
Final results from the DELPHI Collaboration on the lifetime of B+ and B-0 mesons and the mean b-hadron lifetime, are presented using the data collected at the Z(0) peak in 1994 and 1995. Elaborate, inclusive, secondary vertexing methods have been employed to ensure a b-hadron reconstruction with good efficiency. To separate samples of B+ and B-0 mesons, high performance neural network techniques a
The formerly grazed forest (utmark) was the dominant land use on most farms in southern Sweden until about 100 years ago. Here I describe the changed structure and tree species composition over time of the utmark on three farms owned by the church in the central part of Stenbrohult. In this area Carl Linnaeus spent his first 20 summers until 1728. The study is based on old forest management plans,
A general method to directly obtain the DNA sequence of the variable regions of any immunoglobulin chain using a mixture of oligomer primers and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is described. Mixed oligonucleotide primers corresponding to the 5′ signal peptide and a conserved 3′ constant region primer were used for enzymatic amplification of each of the heavy and light chain variable regions of
Prothrombin time (PT) is clinically important and is used to monitor oral anticoagulant therapy. To obtain PT results in international normalized ratio (INR), the current standardization procedure is complex and involves reference reagents. The PT of diluted plasma samples can be determined with a combined thromboplastin (the Owren-type procedure), but not necessarily with a plain thromboplastin (
Glucagon, secreted from pancreatic islet a cells, stimulates gluconeogenesis and liver glycogen breakdown. The mechanism regulating glucagon release is debated, and variously attributed to neuronal control, paracrine control by neighbouring beta cells, or to an intrinsic glucose sensing by the a cells themselves. We examined hormone secretion and Ca2+ responses of a and b cells within intact roden
Gene therapy holds great promise for treating many genetic diseases, including muscular dystrophies. Mutations in the gene encoding laminin alpha2 chain ? an extracellular protein prominently expressed in the neuromuscular system ? cause a severe neuromuscular disorder: congenital muscular dystrophy type 1A (MDC1A). Currently, there is no treatment for MDC1A. Preclinical studies are the first step
The study considers relations in a group of 95 managers, 41 women and 54 men, between managerial type and signs of anxiety and defense in the Defense Mechanism Technique modified (DMTm). Eight managerial types were distinguished, based on ratings of the managers by their subordinates in terms of the Ekvall and Arvonen (1991) leadership style dimensions of employee-centeredness, change-centeredness
Due to their narrow homogeneous linewidths, rare-earth ions in inorganic crystals at low temperatures have recently been given considerable attention as test materials for experiments in coherent quantum optics. Because these narrow linewidth transitions have been buried in a wide inhomogeneous line, the scope of experiments that could be carried out in these materials has been limited. However, h
Soil chemistry under the Solling clean-rain roof was simulated using the dynamic multi-layer soil chemistry model SAFE, including sulfate adsorption. Soil was sampled in order to parameterize the pH and sulfate concentration dependent sulfate adsorption isotherm used in SAFE. Modeled soil solution chemistry was compared to the 14 year long time-series of monthly measurements of soil solution data
Low serotonin activity in man has been related to impulsive, self-destructive violence but not to instrumental aggression aimed at dominance. A relationship has also been suggested between aggression and high catecholaminergic activity. Several studies have reported signs of aberrant dopaminergic function in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, and schizophrenia. In 22 violent offende
The Trelleborg project ran between 1999 and 2002. This article describes and analyzes the processes relating to institutionalization and social change, and their consequences, within the project. The research, funded by the Swedish National Institute of Public Health, was based on qualitative data collected during the project, including focused interviews with 12 key individuals, five focus group
An affinity-assay was developed that is based on the modulation of the diffusion coefficient of a redox-labelled hapten upon complementary recognition of the analyte leading to an increase of molecular weight and hence to a decrease of the diffusion coefficient. The slower diffusion is monitored by means of cyclic voltammetry. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of this assay format, recogniti
Introduction: We investigated whether there were any differences in the frequency and severity of pin site infections by performing pin site care daily or once a week. We studied patients operated on for gonarthrosis by the hemicallotasis technique, using hydroxyapatite-coated pins in the metaphyseal bone and standard pins in the diaphyseal bone. Patients and methods: 50 patients were prospectivel
