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The problem of adaptive control is considered from a perspective of l2-gain. It has recently been shown that without an a priori bound on the system parameters, there exists no single dynamic feedback law that achieves bounded gain from disturbances to state for all first order linear systems. In this paper, a converse statement is proved for a standard adaptive scheme where the parameter estimate

This thesis examines dynamic references in EU secondary legislation to standards developed and adopted by the OECD and their compatibility with the European principle of legality of taxation. It aims to provide a proposal on how dynamic references to OECD standards legally function and what legal implications they entail. This understanding of dynamic references is subsequently applied to the Euro

Det övergripande syftet med denna uppsats är att bland patrullerande poliser visa, genom en empirisk undersökning, hur yttre krav på att vara effektiv internaliseras av den enskilda polisen och bidrar till en omtolkning av den egna yrkesrollen. Uppsatsen baserar sig på en kvalitativ studie bestående av sju kvalitativa intervjuer med poliser i yttre tjänst. Undersökningsresultatet analyseras huvud

The purpose of this essay was to further develop the discussion around the street-level bureaucrats and the dilemmas that they meet in their work environment. The paper will try to accomplish this by putting the spotlight on the professional role, the organizational control of the street-level bureaucrat and the effect of society on the work environment. Something that also will be discussed is th

A growing middle class and increased consumption call for better utilization of resources. For companies to make use of all resources in the production system is not only a way of meeting the changing customer demands and regulatory changes regarding sustainability, but also a way of increasing profits. Finding new business opportunities for by-products can be considered as early stage innovation,

En fastighetspaketering innebär att ett moderbolag överlåter en fastighet till ett för ändamålet nybildat dotterbolag genom en underprisöverlåtelse till skattemässigt värde, varefter andelarna i dotterbolaget avyttras koncernexternt. Förfarandet med fastighetspaketeringar är ett skatteplaneringsverktyg som resulterar i minimerad skattebelastning för såväl överlåtaren som förvärvaren. I denna uppsaThe concept of packing assets in terms of real estate signifies that a parent company transfers a real estate to a newly formed subsidiary through an undervalue-transfer set to tax value, i.e. for a price under fair market value, whereafter the shares in the subsidiary are disposed of. The given procedure is a tax planning tool which causes minimized tax burden for the transferor, as well as for t

In tax law, taxpayer’s rights are founded on three distinct levels. The International level includes provisions found in multilateral or bilateral agreements as well as human rights instruments, such as the ECHR. The European level includes the fundamental freedoms provisions enshrined in the Treaty, the provisions set out in the EU Charter, and the general principles of EU law. At the nationa

This thesis analyses the tax treatment of foreign investment funds in the Netherlands. Investment funds subject to a special tax scheme are entitled to the reimbursement of withholding tax on the dividends they receive. In order to qualify for the special tax scheme, investment funds have to meet two requirements. The analysis in this thesis is twofold. Both the compatibility of the special tax

In this article I argue why everyone (interested in ancient philosophy) should read the works of Sextus Empiricus. Through examples from Sextus Empiricus' Outlines of Pyrrhonism I try to show that the works of Sextus are both humoristic, interesting and philosophically relevant showcasing a perspectivism which is philosophically provoking in its own right and also affords us unique insights into d

BackgroundPreservatives are important and frequent skin sensitizers, found in a wide range of products for personal and occupational use. According to the European legislation, some cosmetic ingredients are restricted in terms of quantity and a detailed list of ingredients must be present on the product or packaging. ObjectivesTo examine the use of preservatives in common cosmetics on the Israeli

How professions should be defined and separated from other occupations has constituted an enduring theoretical and empirical problem in studies of the professions. In this article, the definitions of the so-called list approaches, involving enumerations of social attributes, are scrutinized. Weak-nesses are highlighted and analysed. It is argued that an alternative approach to the issue of definit

On Christopher Polhem's inventions of war machines and other inventions for military purposes.