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This essay presents a theory-testing case study of the tariffs imposed during Liberation Day, within the broader context of the ongoing trade war between the United States and China. The study examines how the balance of threat theory can explain Donald Trump’ s decision to impose tariffs on April 2, 2025, in relation to the United States’ geopolitical power position and China’ s growing influence
This paper establishes reserve price as an ethical necessity contrary to its popular interpretation as an instrument of revenue maximization. It provides an axiomatic justification to reserve pricing at Vickrey auction in single as well as multiple objects settings. In particular, it provides a topological interpretation of a reserve price as the infimum of the set of non-negative real numbers sat
Collective action problems emerge when individual incentives and group interests are misaligned, as in the case of climate change. Individuals involved in these problems are generally considered to have two options: contribute toward public solutions such as global warming mitigation or free ride. However, many collective action problems today involve a third option of investing in a “private solu
Korruption är ett globalt och frekvent förekommande problem. Genom nationella rättsakter med långtgående extraterritoriell jurisdiktion som till exempel amerikanska The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, bekämpas korruption numera på ett gränsöverskridande tillvägagångssätt. Detta medför att företag vid till exempel inträde på en ny marknad omsorgsfullt måste undersöka under vilka lands lagar Corruption is a global problem. Through national legislation with far-reaching extraterritorial jurisdiction such as the U.S. The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, fighting corruption has now a transnational approach. This means for example, that companies who will enter a new market must carefully examine, under which countries´ law a company can be considered to have a criminal responsibili
Risk factors associated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) have previously been identified, but few studies have described the relationship between IUGR and maternal stress caused by exposure to civil unrest. Here, we investigate this relationship during the Mount Elgon crisis in western Kenya between 2006 and 2008, following a period of violence. Birth weight data were compared between t
The business model concept is becoming increasingly popular within IS, management and strategy literature. It is used within many fields of research, including both traditional strategy theory and in the emergent body of literature on e-business. However, the concept is often used independently from theory, meaning model components and their interrelations are relatively obscure. Nonetheless, we b
The retrovirus forms its envelope by budding at the plasma membrane (PM). This process is primarily driven by its cytoplasmic core-precursor protein, Gag, as shown by the efficient formation of virus-like Gag particles in the absence of its envelope protein, Env. Most interestingly, several studies have demonstrated incorporation of various PM proteins into retrovirus, but the underlying mechanism
This chapter surveys intellectual attitudes to language and linguistical expression in 18th century Sweden. The constitutive function of class and gender is studied, as well as the use of gestures.
This paper argues for the relevance of the media history of the press. Using a broad and open media concept, this perspective should be understood as the study of the construction and communication of the self-images and ideology of the press. Rather than describing the complex of problems as images that are ‘spread’ through one channel (newspapers) by one actor (the press), it should be seen as a
Abstract in German Nach ihrem Amtsamtritt im September 2006 hat die schwedische Mitte-Rechts-Regierung im Januar 2007 die Beiträge zu den Arbeitslosenkassen der Gewerkschaften erheblich erhöht. Dadurch wurde es plötzlich wesentlich teurer, Mitglied in einer Gewerkschaft (und in der Arbeitslosenkasse) zu sein. Innerhalb von zwei Jahren verloren die Gewerkschaften 8% ihrer Mitglieder, der gewerkschaIn January 2007 the Swedish centre-right government in office since September 2006 raised considerably fees for union unemployment funds. Union membership (fund membership included) therefore suddenly became much more expensive. Trade unions lost 8% of their members over two years and union density fell by 6 percentage points (from 77% in 2006 to 71% in 2008), while unemployment funds were hit by
We present a fast algorithm for the calculation of elastostatic fields in locally isotropic composites. The method uses an integral equation approach due to Sherman, combined with the fast multipole method and an adaptive quadrature technique. Accurate solutions can be obtained with inclusions of arbitrary shape at a cost roughly proportional to the number of points needed to resolve the interface
The history of the concept "vetenskap" and its possible decline
Conflicts often lead to expression of emotion to unrelated parties. We study non-instrumental emotion expression in binary ultimatum games, where receivers can express emotion either privately or to a third-party audience prior to accepting or rejecting the offer. The possibility of emotion expression to an audience increases welfare, but this is driven by senders behaving more fairly rather than
