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Digitaliseringen har i stor utsträckning revolutionerat sättet som företagen gör affärer på. Det finns inte längre samma behov av fysiska platser för affärsverksamheter eftersom teknologin har skapat virtuella platser där företag kan sälja både varor och tjänster utan att överhuvudtaget sätta en fot i jurisdiktionen. Emellertid har reglerna om fast driftställe alltsedan 1920-talet präglats av att The digitalisation has largely revolutionized the way companies do business. There is no longer the same need for physical locations for businesses for the reason that technology has created virtual locations where companies can sell both goods and services without even setting foot in the jurisdiction. However, the rules on permanent establishment have, ever since the 1920’s, been characterized b

Värdering av obebyggd tomtmark för småhus kan ibland vara svårt då det saknas ett bra ortsprismaterial. Ännu svårare är att värdera tomtmark för småhus som är bebyggda med byggnader på ofri grund. Tomtmark med byggnader på ofri grund upplåtna med nyttjanderätter anses ha ett lägre värde än tomtmark som är obebyggd eller tomtmark som är bebyggd av fastighetens ägare. Det beror på att nyttjanderätteThe objective of this work is to examine the impact on value that a house on leasehold has on the underlying land in a partition ordinance. In order to build a foundation and create an understanding about houses on leasehold, partitiontools and different methods of valuation I undertook literature studies. The literature consisted of, among other things, preparatory work for FBL and the Court of A

The advanced research that is being carried out in different science fields today requires advanced technologies; for the study of distant places and hidden elements of our universe tools like The Hubble Telescope, Voyager 2 and the Very Large Array has been to great use. In the same way, a neutron source and its instruments enable scientist to see and understand basic atomic structures and forces.

I dagens kunskapssamhälle så ökar arbetsgivarens behov av att binda arbetstagare med särskilda kompetenser då de är så kallade nyckelmedarbetare. I vissa fall kan hela bolagets värde utgöras av arbetstagarna. Därför ökar också användandet av konkurrensklausuler. Normalt sätt så tar den sikte på arbetstagarens förehavanden efter det att denne har lämnat sin anställning. Men för de allra flesta så hThe necessity is high for employers to keep employees with particular skills in today's knowledge-based society. In some cases, the entire value of the company is based on the skills of the employees. Therefore there is also an increase in the use of non-competition clauses. Normally, it effects the employee’s actions after the employment relationship is terminated. For most people, it has als

In the global context of an ever-growing trend of automobility and all its drawbacks, cycling offers an environmentally and socially sustainable transport alternative. Copenhagen has become one of the best cities for cycling, and impressive advances in promoting this practice have raised their cycling share up to 41% of all trips to work/education. However, municipal cycling goals have been postpo

This essay discusses the Nordic region Bohuslän the decade after it became "Swedish" in 1658, during what I call the region's "transition period". The wide cause of the study is to show how the traditional understanding of this state shift (and of state shifts in general) need to be problemized and understood in the light of the state conditions of Early Modern Europe. By e

Stenbrånet är ett område strax väster om Bastuträsk i utkanten av gruvdistriktet Skelleftefältet i Västerbotten, norra Sverige. Tidigare undersökningar gjorda av Boliden Mineral AB har visat på förekomst av en skivformad kropp kraftigt anrikad på Zn, Ag och Pb. Studier av tunnslip och borrkärnor som karterats i detta arbete visar på en decimeter- till metertjock sulfidhorisont med kraftig impregnaStenbrånet i situated west of Bastuträsk at the margin of the Skellefte mining district in Västerbotten, northern Sweden. Previous investigations carried out by Boliden Mineral AB reveal a disc-shaped orebody highly enriched in Zn, Ag and Pb. Studies of thin sections and mapping of drill cores verify the existence of a dm- to mthick sulphide horizon with a high impregnation of sphalerite and/or py

Title: Vocal problems. What professional singers say about vocal problems. Language: Swedish The essay is about five professional singers and their experiences of vocal problems. The purpose is to get knowledge about vocal problems and prophylactic work. The purpose is also to contribute with further understanding of the complexity of the singing profession to help singers to relate to their voice

Syftet med uppsatsen är att genom en rättsdogmatisk metod och ett kritiskt perspektiv granska hur underlåtenhet påverkar bedömningen av straffvärdet i en domstols straffmätning och undersöka om underlåtenhet verkligen ska ses som en förmildrande omständighet. Uppsatsen behandlar själva utformningen av principerna kring underlåtenhetsbrott enligt Jareborgs garantlära i svensk rätt idag och en utredThe purpose of this essay is to use a legal dogmatic method, and with a critical perspective, analyse how the fact that a crime is one of omission, thus caused by a failure to act, affects the Court's judgement on a suitable sentence. Is the fact that a crime is an omission automatically a mitigating factor that leads to a lesser sentence? This essay treats the general legal principles and the

Thomas Quick erkände under 1990-talet ett 30-tal mord som han påstod att han begått i Sverige, Norge, Danmark, och Finland under åren 1964-1993. Han dömdes för åtta av dem. 18 år senare, i december 2008, tar han tillbaka alla sina erkännanden av mord och begär resning för samtliga fällande domar. Detta har hittills resulterat i tre frikännande domar samt två positiva resningsbeslut. Pelle Svensson1990 Thomas Quick confessed to around 30 murders that he claimed to have committed in Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland around the years 1964-1993. He was convicted for eight of them. 18 years later he takes back his confessions of murder and applies for remedy for all his convictions. This has so far resulted in three acquittals and five granted trials of remedy. Pelle Svensson, lawyer and auth

Context. The HD 15337 (TIC 120896927, TOI-402) system was observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), revealing the presence of two short-period planets situated on opposite sides of the radius gap. This offers an excellent opportunity to study theories of formation and evolution, as well as to investigate internal composition and atmospheric evaporation. Aims. We aim to constrai

Background: There is little agreement on clinically useful criteria for identifying real-world responders to biologic treatments for asthma. Objective: To investigate the impact of pre-biologic impairment on meeting domain-specific biologic responder definitions in adults with severe asthma. Methods: This was a longitudinal, cohort study across 22 countries participating in the International Sever

This thesis consists of four self-contained articles, all of which contribute to the empirical research on credit ratings. Broadly speaking, the first two papers highlight two less ordinary “uses” of credit ratings, in the context of (1) measuring financial constraints and (2) bond market segmentation. The last two papers focus on a relatively new concept in the credit ratings’ literature, specifi

UNLABELLED: To clarify the role of the TNFRSF11B gene encoding osteoprotegerin (OPG), in Paget's disease of bone (PDB) we studied TNFRSF11B polymorphisms in an association study of 690 UK subjects and in a worldwide familial study of 66 kindreds. We found that the G1181 allele of TNFRSF11B, encoding lysine at codon 3 of the OPG protein, predisposes to both sporadic and familial PDB.INTRODUCTION: P

Importance: Mitochondrial disease is being diagnosed with increasing frequency. Although children with mitochondrial disease often have severe, life-limiting illnesses, many survive into adulthood. There is, however, limited information about the impact of mitochondrial disease on healthcare utilization in the U.S. across the lifespan. Objectives: To describe the characteristics of inpatient hospi

BACKGROUND: Gout is the most common inflammatory arthritis with a rising prevalence around the globe. While educational inequalities in incidence and prevalence of gout have been reported, no previous study investigated educational inequality in mortality among people with gout. The aim of this study was to assess absolute and relative educational inequalities in all-cause and cause-specific morta

Aims. We study the origin of tail-like structures recently detected around the disk of SU Aurigae and several FU Orionis-type stars. Methods. Dynamic protostellar disks featuring ejections of gaseous clumps and quiescent protoplanetary disks experiencing a close encounter with an intruder star were modeled using the numerical hydrodynamics code FEOSAD. Both the gas and dust dynamics were taken int

Rationale: Adults may exhibit characteristics of both asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a situation recently described as asthma-COPD overlap (ACO). There is a paucity of information about ACO in primary care. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence and describe characteristics of individuals withACOin primary care practices among patients currently diagnosed with asthma, COP

AbstractObjectives: Patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRDs) have higher risk of serious infections than healthy individuals due to their illness, comorbidities and treatments. Streptococcus pneumoniae is responsible for 30-50% of community aquired pneumonia in Europe.The proportion of patients with IRD receiving vaccination against pneumococci is still estimated to be suboptimal. The

Background and Aims: Substance use disorder (SUD) is related to widespread adverse consequences, including higher suicidality. Shared genetic liability has been demonstrated between SUD and suicidality. Here, we measured the factors that contribute to increased risk of non-fatal suicide attempt among individuals with SUD by focusing upon aggregate genetic risks and both childhood and past-year env